People as a huge asset Essay Example for Free

People as a colossal as intend Essay1.1INTRODUCTIONOrganisations be made up of people and people are a huge asset to any organization. To be more successful in achieving their goal and objectives organisations needs to have an understanding about their human assets, their behavior, tendencies, best practice etc.. leading is the ability of star person to influence a group of persons toward the achievement of common goals (Yukl, 1994). Influencing others means that leadership must have an understanding about their behavior, which keister moreover happen when they themselves understand their values, assumptions, beliefs and expectations. Understanding unrivaledself means one must carry out self-assessment/evaluation as this is very important for leaders today. I allow for be carrying out an assessment about the benefit of self -assessment/evaluation to leaders today and the importance of understanding human behavior in oraganisations.1.2 DEFINITION OF HUMAN BEHAVIORHuman b ehavior is the way people behave and which can be influence by culture, emotions, attitudes, values, ethics, genetic etc.. Depending on the rescript and environs, human behavior can either be common, usual, acceptable or unacceptable. Human behavior can either be learnt as we relate to our environment for example, tying your shoes is a learned behavior or it can be innate which can be inherited with genes.1.3THE IMPORTANCE OF intelligence HUMAN BEHAVIOR TO AN ORGANIZATIONOrganisations depend on the behavior of both individual and teams to achieve their goals and objectives as such it is very critical for organisations to have entire understanding of human behavior. Understanding human behavior is akey to organisational success. Human behavior defines how people work together and relate with one a nonher. parley being the cornerstone of behavior can only be proceedingive when people understand one another. Interpersonal conflict can be trim down in an organisation once theres an understanding of human behavior.Behavior can influence negatively on the achievement of an organizations goals and objectives if not manage well ordain lead to poor out confide and failure. Organisations need to plan their training programme, understanding the behavior of its employees will inform the plan process, thereby ensuring that training needs are effectively met. An effective understanding of the diverse behavior of personnel is important. Evidence has shown that as people get to jockey one another, they became less concerned about differences if they see themselves as sharing more important characteristics, such as personality and values, that represent deep-level diversity (Stephen P Robbins Timothy A Judge, Organizational Behavior -15th Editions) A co-operative team that knows how to work with one another can produce better result than those who have problems relating to one another.1.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR BY LEADERSOrganisations need s trong leadership to achieve its goals and objectives. An organisation is only as successful as its leadership. Leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goals. Individuals or group can only be influence when theres an understanding of their behavior. Business necessity, enlightenment about differences and moral fortitude have combine to push organisations into hiring a diverse set of employees, as a result managing this diversity has proven to be a challenge to leaders Leaders can effectively manage this challenge through understanding this diversity. A leader who fails to understand his followers thereby focusing at a very superficial level by commanding others to do their will is at the bottom of the leadership level. Deeper understanding provides more options, give one more potential tools, and frankly, makes one a powerful leader (Stephen P Robbins Timothy A Judge, Organizational Behavior -15th Editions).This is a trait of leve l 5 leadership. Understanding the behavior of followers will assist leaders in putting together teams to manage projects and it will also assist inassigning task to employees in a way that will put to efficient use each members strength rather than their weakness (www.employment-testing.com) Attempting to influencing individuals without understanding why they behave the way they do, might yield random or unpredictable effect and this will lead to leaders being unsuccessful as followers will be alienated whereas understanding the personalities of subordinates and superiors informs leaders as to others expectations and provides insights into motivation, competitiveness and interpersonal relationships and communication.1.5 LEADERSHIP SELF-EVALUATION/SELF-ASSESSMENTAs leaders the ability to influence people has to be continuously improved and the first step in achieving that will be by knowing yourself and gaining understanding of your leadership style, skills, traits, competencies, a bilities, personality type and experience. According to Kevin Sharer of AMGEN CEO and president, Leadership has many voices. You need to be who you are, not to emulate someone else. An apt statement as leaders has the responsibility of influencing others in the achievement of goals and objectives an achievement that will be almost impossible to grasp when followers lacks faith in their leader. People normally have faith in authentic leaders as they are leaders who not only know what they believe in and value but also act on that values and beliefs candidly and openly. Most leaders are unaware of the effect their emotional intelligence has on their superiors and subordinates, many a time we blame negative outcome to those around us, all the time being totally projection screen to the fact that our personality might have had effect on others action.Those who use the emotional intelligence framework to guide their thoughts and actions may find it easier to create verify in relations hip, harness energy under pressure, and sharpen their ability to make sound decisions-in other words, they increase their potential for success in the workplace(Jones and bartlett pear learning PTT) only by carrying out self-assessment/evaluation will you be able to understand your emotional intelligence and other traits. As leaders one should know what their strength and weaknesses as this will enable them build on their strength and march it to their leadership opportunities, it will also assist in the phylogeny of their weaknesses and allows for theelimination of threats to leadership.1.6 THE BENEFITS OF SELF- ASSESSMENT/SELF-EVALUATION TO LEADERS TODAY.Most of the benefits of self-assessment have already been discuss above, however some benefits are A.Develop Emotional IntelligenceWhen taking time to self-reflect you are looking inwards. Self-awareness gives you the ability the ability to understand your emotions, strengths, weaknesses, drives, values and goals, and recognize t heir impact on others you are leading. Being self-aware will aid you in dictatorial or redirecting your disruptive emotions and impulses and adapt to changing circumstances. Building these emotional intelligence components will improve your leadership.B. ASSISTS IN BECOMING EFFECTIVE LEADERAuthentic leaders are clear on their core values, and this will help to strengthen leadership integrity and lead you to better decisions. Understanding your core values will build followers trust in you as a leader and this will make decision making easier as our integrity is often put to the test during stressful and difficult times.C. BUILD SELF-CONFIDENCEConfidence is crucial for leaders. It helps in effective communications, decision making, and influence building. People will see you as you see yourself, being aware of your strength as leader will build self-confidence and this will increase team effectiveness.

Target Corporation Essay Example for Free

chump Corporation Essay indicate Corporation is one of Americas biggest clubs according to end 500. posterior is a retailer that operates general merchandise and food implication stores. Being one of the biggest and one of the leading retailers in the America, guide enjoys a substantive mart position to promote market opportunities and adds to their bargaining power. Here are the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis of identify Corporation.Strengths1. Advance technology incrementd customer preference for earnings shopping. 2. guide Corporation continues to expand by announcing their plan to open more stores in Chicago, Seattle, and Los Angeles. 3. Target Corporation is the second biggest concession retailer in unite States. 4. Target Bulls eye logo is recognize by Ninety-seven percent of American consumers. 5. Target is the leading gift card seller than any rude(a)(prenominal) retailer in the unify States. 6. Target is opening 220 sto res in Canada, which is the first international expansion.Weakness1. Target stores do non sell firearms and tobacco products. 2. Target settled to decrease their transactions on all supplies having polyvinyl chloride. 3. Target Corporation received criticism and controversy from shares of the gay and lesbian community for their donations to anti-gay groups. 4. Negative publicity in 2004, when Target decided to block Salvation Army from seeking donations at its stores. 5. Target Corporation does not have the advantage competitively due(p) to higher prices than other retailers do.Opportunities1. Corporation stratified at subject 38 in Fortune 500 as of 2012 (Fortune, 2012). 2. Target ranked number 64 on corporal Responsibility Magazine list of 100 Best Corporate Citizens (CRM, 2012). 3. Target ranked number 25 on Fortune cartridge clip list of Worlds around Admired Companies (Fortune, 2012). 4. Target received a score of 100 from The Human Rights Campaign on its 2013 Corporate par Index (Human, 2012). 5. Target ranked number 30 on DiversityInc magazine list of Top 50 Companies for Diversity (DiversityInc, 2012). 6. Target ranked 28 in Americas Top 50 Organizations for Multicultural Business Opportunities by DiversityBusiness.com (DiversityBusiness, 2012). 7. Target ranked number 22 on Forbes magazine and the Reputation form list of Americas Most Reputable Companies (Smith, 2012). 8. Universum ranked Target number 38 on its Ideal Employer List as surveyed by American MBAs, and number 28 as surveyed by American undergraduates (Light, 2012). 9. Target ranked among the 2012 Best Companies for Hourly Workers by Working Mother Media (Working, 2012).10. The theme Conference on Citizenship and Points of Light, in partnership with Bloomberg LP, ranked Target number 16 on the first comprehensive ranking of the Civic 50 (Bloomberg, 2012). 11. Newsweek magazine ranked Target number 85 out of 500 on its U.S. Green Rankings 2012 (Newsweek, 2012). 12. Target scored a n 87 B on the 2012 Carbon Disclosure Project SP 500 Report, an increase over 2011 ranking score of 77 C (Carbon, 2012). 13. Target named to the 2012 Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) World Index (Dow, 2012). 14. Target named a member of the United States Hispanic bedroom of Commerce 2012 Million Dollar Club for its commitment to supplier diversity and Hispanic Business Enterprises (USHCC, 2012). 15. Target named as one of the Worlds Most Ethical Companies by Ethisphere Institute (Ethisphere, 2012). 16. Target named as one of the Top Corporation for Womens Business Enterprises by The Womens Business Enterprise National Council (WBENC, 2012). 17. Regaining of overall economy is worthy opportunity for Target Corporation because it provide surge requirement for the products.Threats1. Target Corporation competing with Wal-Mart, Kmart, and other retailers. 2. The Attorney frequent and 20 California District Attorneys filed a claim in Alameda County claiming that Target has been unl awfully dumping hazardous wastes in landfill on June 2009. 3. Customer perception that Target Corporation products are more costly than other retailers. The strengths and opportunities are the roughly relevant parts of SWOT analysis that make investors invest in Target Corporation. On January 13, 2011, Target declared its first international expansion into Canada and it makes the investors to be excited for the opportunities for this corporation to do well internationally.Additionally, Target Corporations continue to be recognized, rank, and awarded by different magazines and association for being one of the best companies in the United States. Those recognitions and awards make the corporation more valuable and that repute of the company and their name has merchandise importance that give them staying power for years to come (Target, 2012). Stakeholders are groups of people who have an interest in a company or patronage organization. internecine stakeholders are those members of the business organization such as declareers, managers, staffs, and employees. However, external stakeholders are not part of the company such as customers, suppliers, community, and regimen. Every internal stakeholder has their consume call for and hoping that the company can provide or fulfill their carry. For many possessers, their business in their biggest asset and owner will protect it to secure his/her financial future.For bigger corporation like Target, they make sure they follow the national and local law to avoid lawsuit and bad publicity. Shareholder is an individual that own shares of stock in the company therefore they have right to vote on decision about the organization. Shareholder primary need is to increase the value of their stocks and alter their value in the company by buying more stocks to have bigger influence on the decision within the company. Managers and employees needs are almost the same. They need job security with benefits, good pay, health insurance, and flexibility. In addition, the most important needs for all internal stakeholders is gain ground because this is the driving pound that control the future of the company and can provide all of the them their personal needs.External stakeholder needs are different from the internal stakeholder since internal stakeholder is the one providing and fulfilling to live up to external stakeholder needs. Customers are the most important stakeholders because they are the only reason that we have business like Target Corporation. Customers have so many needs that managers and employees trying to provide to them as much as they can. Customer needs are friendly representative, discount prices, quality of products, professionalism, and outstanding customer services. Supplier most important needs are to have a good business relationship with the corporations because it gives them stability on their own organization. Community needs is to improve their own community for creating jo b, charity organization and by increasing the value of their community.Target Corporation can provide it to them since they can create thousands of jobs in the community and donating silver to different organizations within local communities. Government needs from Target Corporation is for them to champion the community by providing jobs, donations to charities and most of all is for the company to follow the government policies and regulations. Target Corporation in the most parts fulfilled most if not all of the stakeholder needs. Target Corporation is one of the biggest and successful companies in United States so the owners and shareholders needs of profits, stability, and financial security are easily meets. For managers and employees, the company provided them flexibility, health benefits, retirement plan, life insurance, vacation, discount such as 10% for member and childcare, disability coverage, training and ruinment resources, career planning and option for group legal plan.For community stakeholder, Target Corporation provided 5% of Targets profit to local communities. They have partnership with community organization such as Diversity Best Practices, The Executive Leadership Council, Hispanic Association on Corporate Responsibility and NAACP. In addition, they encouraged their team member to volunteer their time, expertise, and talents to support the community projects. For government stakeholder, Target Corporation has a strong partnership with federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to support disaster efforts. They also have safety and preparedness partnership to other government service such as Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, and American Red Cross. For supplier stakeholder, they actively engage with diverse supplier to support all section of the company. In addition, they develop diverse supplier relationships with Womens Business Enterprise National Council, United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, National M inority Supplier Development Council, National light and Lesbian Chamber of Commerce, and National Veteran Owned Business Association.For customer who is the most important stakeholder, Target Corporation provides them quality products, outstanding service, competitive price, number of selection, best values, and convenience shopping. For the most part, Target Corporation meets stakeholder needs. I am sure they are few people think that their needs are not met or squelched the way they want it provided you cannot satisfy eachbody. The important thing is Target Corporation continues to look on how they can improve to support their stakeholder. They continue to launch customer satisfaction survey, ask their employees, and work with the government and communities to improve their company relationship with stakeholders and this is how Target Corporation can fulfill the need of stakeholder. Target Corporation continues to make improvements to remain the number two retailer stores in the country. Target financial performances are doing great and continue to progress every year.Reports show Target Corporations revenue stay in an upward trend regardless of the worlds economy. Additionally, reports also show gross revenue increasing in an upward trend year to year (Target, 2012). By reviewing Target Corporation financial report, I learned that this company should continue to improve for the next five year. Target Corporation bought the leaseholds for up to 220 stores in Canada for their first international expansion. This expansion will improve their sales, revenue and can help them fence with their main competitors Walmart and Costco. The only concern for Target Corporation is their competition with Walmart and Costco since both company make bigger net sales the perish four years. Target Corporation management can use their financial report to compare them with Walmart and Costco to analyze the best way to get by with them. On comparing Target, Walmart, and Cost co, Walmart is the largest retailer in the country and it generated more than three times the combined revenue of both Target and Costco. See code 1 for Target Corporation, figure 2 for Walmart Corporation, and figure 3 for Costco Corporations historical financial reports. Target Corporation technologies compare to Walmart and Costco is about the same.I do not see any advantages among these three retailers concerning technologies. This globalization influenced the company business strategies since Costco and Walmart are having success outside the country. Target Corporation finally expanded internationally due to their main competitor, and to compete with them, they have to expand outside the country. Benchmarking is a process of comparing an organization performance to other organization using objective and subjective criteria. The process compares organizations to those in the industry reviewing its status to use as standard in their own company. Target, Walmart and Costco are t hree of the top retailers in industries in best practices, operational processes and procedures, and products ranked by reputable magazine and community organization every year. Being ranked in worlds most admired companies, top 50 companies for diversity, Americas most reputable companies, and many more recognition demonstrated that this three companies are the benchmark for their industry.The recent economic trends are influencing the business from traversing from enormous changes in global politics to the blasting existence of social media and online technology into our everyday lives. Through all of this, nevertheless, business essential go on, but it is not business as usual. The importance of customer has never more important than it is today. With the influx of computer technology, customer worldwide knows what is accessible in the market to buy and how to locate it online at the lowest cost. Through this power has come the capability to form markets, and express the product s they want. Advertisements, information sharing, and recognizing the importance of personalized inquisition were somewhat of the strategies the company has used for adapting to changing markets. With the rise of Internet and a population that gradually analyses world travel as just another part of life, online search become the most powerful tool (McClimans, 2011).Target Corporation has implemented tactics to achieve their strategic goals by spillage international and opening new stores (CityTarget) aimed at the urban market. Target Corporations procured the leaseholds for up to 220 stores in Canada and CityTarget are established to open in Chicago, Seattle, New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland, Oregon, Puerto Rico, and Charlotte (Target, 2012). The tactics Target used by expanding their corporation will help them compete with their competitors to meet the consumers demand. Target Corporation can also implement pricing and marketing strategy to achieve their strategic goals. determine strategy does not always means lowering price to gain industry dominance, but that is the obvious choice. Using low price tactics presenting rebates, specific sales and discount with inexpensive financing and delayed payment. Marketing strategy seeks to target specific consumers with messages that are most likely to draw their attention.It involves seasonal advertising and special promotions as tactics to achieve their goals (Duff, 2012). The role of human resource management plays in helping the company achieve its business goals has change from the effected hire and fire to a planned manager at the table with operations, finance, and other business focuses that are not centers of profits for the company. Human resource must ensure that its practice, processes, and policies supplement the organizational strategies. Human resource management should understand the business strategy by developing mission statement that relate to the employees, treat a SWOT analys is, develop consequences and solutions, and evaluation of action plans. Some of the human resource management functions are to handle rewards and compensation certain roles and positions in tell to boost performance echelons. Recruitment is another important mission including the selection and retention of employees.Additionally, human resource management balancing the employees and organizations expectations to associated business success and to satisfied employees needs (King, 2012). Target Corporations is one of the biggest, reputable and profitable company in United States so if I have the opportunity to invest with them, I will without hesitation. Target Corporation continues to rise and make significant profits year after year. Figure 1 shows Targets financial history for the last five years and by looking at it, the trends will likely continue to do well in the future. In conclusion, Target is the second largest discount retailer in the country, second only to Walmart. It ha s proven its successfulness through the number of stores domestic and internationally, and through the figures of net sales, net income, and free cash flow.Target Corporation logo is recognize by over ninety-seven percent of consumers in United States. In addition, Target Corporation is devoted to promoting diversity and act to community by donating five percent of profits to charities while encouraging their employees to volunteer in the community projects. Target Corporation continues to expand by going internationally and opening new stores CityTarget in urban areas. Target is graveling and bringing new customers as it expands. Target Corporation understands their markets, and this giving them the edge to grow and compete with Walmart in the future.ReferencesBloomberg BusinessWeek. (2012). Civics lesson. Retrieved from http//images.businessweek.com/slideshows/2012-11-08/civics-lessons CRs Magazine. (2012). 100 Best Corporate Citizens. Retrieved from http//www.thecro.com/files/1 00Best2012_List_3.8.pdf Carbon Disclosure Project. (2012). Carbon reductions generate positive ROI. Retrieved from https//www.cdproject.net/en-US/Pages/HomePage.aspx Costco Wholesale. (2012). Home. Retrieved from http//www.costco.com DiversityBusiness.com. (2012). Top 50 organizations for multicultural business opportunities. Retrieved from http//www.diversitybusiness.com/news/supplierdiversity/45201282.asp DiversityInc. (2012). Top 50 companies for Diversity. Retrieved from http//www.diversityinc.com/target/ Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes. (2012). Annual review 2012. Retrieved from http//www.sustainability-indexes.com/review/annual-review-2012.jsp Duff, V. (2012). What are business tactics and strategies? Chron. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/business-tactics-strategies-5148.html Ethisphere. (2012). 2012 worlds most honourable companies. Retrieved from http//www.ethisphere.com/wme/ Fortune Magazine. (2012). Worlds most admired companies. Retrieved from http//money. cnn.com/magazines/fortune/most-admired/ Human Rights Campaign. (2012). Corporate equality index. Retrieved from http//www.hrc.org/corporate-equality-index/.ULdSJKUWFFI King, W. (2012). What role does human resource management play in a business? Ezine Articles. Retrieved from http//ezinearticles.com/?What-Role-Does-Human-Resource-Management-Play-In-A-Business?id=563848 Light, J. (2012). Ideal employer list. Retrieved from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703512404576208702115862760.html?mod=WSJ_Careers_CareerJournal_4 McClimans, F. (2011). 5 trends influencing

Components Of The Global Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

Components Of The Global tourism Industry touristry Essay touristry What is tourism? This word seems to be very well-known(prenominal) with us now a sidereal twenty-four hour periods. Yes, you argon right. The very nature of tourism as a fragmented, diverse product , spread over umpteen another(prenominal) industries and comprising some(prenominal) intangible and tangible elements, means that it is a difficult sector to define. ( source Tourism Principles and Practice, Fourth edition, Chris Cooper, John Fletcher, Alan Fyall, David Gilbert and Stephen Wanhill)As part of our aim of quest to uncover ever deeper understandings of tourism and the relationships and entanglements it shares with the cultures it both occupies and generates it is important that we continue to explore various contextual geographical realities and imaginaries. Whatever imprecisions may surround the definition of the center(a) East and North Afri tail assembly region, it is a fascinating and important ar ea to interrogate tourism and cultural change. It is a region long travelled which bears many markers of ancient tourism and hospitality. So, too, particularly in the Gulf States, does it display the drama and spectacle of what may call hyper-modernity. It is a vast region sharing commonalities of history, culture, language and theology which mark it as highly distinctive and yet intimately connected to the wider world in more nuanced and sometimes contested ways. ( source Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change Vol. 8, No.4, December 2010, 223-224.)Since historical times, tourism activity is a relatively new development and only recently has been considered worthy of serious pedigree endeavour or academic study. However the tourism sector is of sufficient economic importance and its impact upon economies, environments and societies is signifi flockt enough for the subject of tourism to merit academic consideration. There is no doubt in our minds that tourism is a subject area or domain of study but that at the outcome it lacks the level of theoretical underpinning that would allow it to become a discipline. Nevertheless, the popularity of tourism and the recognition of it by the governments, has accelerated tourism to expand on a vast level. Tourism shows signs of maturity with a growing academic community, increasing anatomys of both journals and text books which are becoming specialised rather than all- embracing and a number of professional societies both internationally and within individual countries. ( source Tourism Principles and Practice, Fourth edition, Chris Cooper, John Fletcher, Alan Fyall, David Gilbert and Stephen Wanhill)Various forms of tourism have evolved to cater to the desires and demands, muscular and unhealthy, that define the many niches that exist among consumers. The different types of tourism may include the following back pack tourism, sex tourism, cruise tourism, trek tourism, heritage tourism, slum area tourism, refugee tou rism, spiritual tourism, gourmet tourism, medical tourism, green tourism, etc. Over the last 25 years, we have been assailed by a growing tourism lexicon that includes terms such(prenominal) as eco tourism, sustainable tourism, pro- poor tourism etc. Often they begin with a sound basis, and good intentions, and often, soon enough, are debased as the tourism industry subsumes them for their own advertising and promotion without genuinely altering the face of their offerings in the light of what was originally meant. ( source by DMello, Ceasar. Contours, Jan2008 Anniversary Book, Vol. 17/18 Issue 4/1, p8- 16, 9p).Along with the transport and the accommodation sector, attractions form one of the central components of tourism providing a vital element in the visitors enjoyment and experience. Attractions are central element in terms of what tourists visit at destinations as well as being something they may visit en route a destination. In many respects, they are the lifeblood of a desti nation ,because they are a part of appeal , ambience, and overall experience that visitors seek to consume in areas they visit. virtuoso of the major problems in identifying attractions is that they are patronized by tourists, but in terms of the scale and volume of visits, they are dominated by leisure and day trippers as well as local residents. In this respect the market for attractions is large and forms a vital part of the infrastructure of the destination area. ( source Tourism Management, managing for change, Third Edition, Stephen J.Page).Attractions provide a vital nucleus for visitor spending in destinations, and when they are linked to transmutation strategies, they can be harnessed to clear a new image and help reposition the city as a place to visit. A successful attraction industry is vital for a healthy tourism sector so that visitors have sufficient opportunity to undertake visits and to spend during their stay. Attractions are also a major draw for many visitors , and urban regeneration strategies by public and private sector agencies have pinned future tourism development around such hubs of visitor attraction activity. In many successful urban regeneration schemes where tourism has been a key component, visitor attractions and the creation of a visitor environment around these attractions has contributed to the success of the regeneration scheme. Yet, one of the main problems in examining visitor attractions is in defining what comprises an attraction. ( source Tourism Management, managing for change, Third Edition, Stephen J.Page).For many tourist destinations around the world, it is their attractions that often serve as the catalyst for tourist visits. Attractions are numerous, diverse, fragmented geographically and often have limited resources at their disposal for purposes of management.Attractions provide the single most important origin for leisure tourism to a destination. Many of the components of the tourist trip for example, tr ansport and accommodation are demands derived from the consumers desire to enjoy what a destination has to offer in terms of things to see and do. Thus a tourist attraction is a focus for recreational and, in part, educational activity undertaken by both day and stay visitors that is frequently shared with the domestic resident population. Every region and every town boasts of at least one attraction, adding to its appeal as a destination. Attractions often have an explicit educational purpose, are often central to the protection , or in fact creation, of cultural identities, and can contribute to the saving and protection of many historic sites. This variety of sense of purpose is important in that it helps explain why attractions are often so difficult to manage, oddly those that fall within the domain of the public sector, such as museums. They often have to accommodate the numerous wishes of their stakeholders , the various expectations of different visitor groups , amass t he postulate of owners or trustees, and serve on occasion as attraction icons for national governments in international marketing strategies.There are many examples where attractions have play a catalytic role in the regeneration of an area or destination . The success of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain and the National Museum of New Zealand and its contribution to the development of capital of New Zealand as a destination are two examples of best practice. Such ionic or flagship attractions can be used to pull in visitors, meet needs of local residents, and develop stronger tourism activities within the destination. While a destination rarely survives long term on the basis of one attraction, it can be the key to pump-primer in more sustainable development of a destination.The fact that tourist attractions may be shared with the host community can give rise to conflict in popular destinations, where tourism is perceived to cause problems of crowding, traffic congestion, en vironmental damage and litter. There can thus be little doubt that the management of tourist attractions is a challenging activity with so many publics to please.

Before Sunrise And The Slacker Genre Film Studies Essay

to begin with Sunrise And The Slacker Genre Film Studies EssayBefore Sunrise, is a pic featuring ii strangers, Celine and Jesse, who met on a deal and spent a night sharing experiences, thoughts and affections, but parted before sunrise. The movie has a taken a minimalist plot as it involves the two characters walking approximately the city of Vienna, sharing their experiences broadcastly as they believe they may never get to see each other again. Its sequel is a 2004 movie called Before Sunset, which continues with the story. Celine and Jesse meet each other after nine years. They walk around the city of Paris talking or so their experiences especially on issues to do with life and making love, and they realize they still love each other. They agree to meet again at the same place six months later as the train leaves.This paper presents a review of the genre of the two movies and the significance of the applied genre.Slacker genreBefore Sunrise and Before Sunset run to th e slacker genre. They gestate deviated from the convention plot which characterizes Hollywood movies. The movies have a minimalist plot whereby the characters are followed throughout the cities as they walk and talk rough their experiences. Beca spend of this, nothing much seems to happen and the movies therefore seem to have no plot. Lack of plot in the movies is also emphasized by the fact that the movies have no antagonists or protagonists, and they do not swan around a conflict as is the case with Hollywood movies. The two characters simply stroll around the respective cities in the two movies and talk about issues ranging from religion, life, love, and the cities. At no point do they engage in a conflict.Generation X darts and CharactersThe characters in the movies belong to Generation X. Jesse and Celines love reflects that of teens whose grasp of aspects such as reality, and emotions seems weird. They fall in love deeply despite the reality facing them that they may never see each other again. In Before Sunrise, the characters engage in low key laughter, which seems to emerge from interactions of the main characters. The way they relate absorbs the film look like a love story rather than like a romantic comedy. Their love seems perfect with no commitments, obstacles, conflicts, or change of life-style to fit in to the others world. Thei9r love seems so real and it is the best pleasant of love ever seen on screen (Before Sunrise). In Before Sunset, the same resistant of love continues between the characters. It seems as if they have been together all along. Obstacles that would seemingly affect the love such as Jesses wife and son, and Celines clotheshorse do not come in to their way. The two movies showcase a love only possible among the generation X who do not permit anything get in to their way. The characters are thus exemplary of Generation X.The two characters seem to be hyper-talkative. Unlike in the Hollywood movies which center the mai n intellection around a conflict which needs to be resolved urgently, these movies present a situation where the characters are living in the moment. They are totally open to each other due to their heightened romantic involvement unlike in Hollywood Movies whose source of conflict is secrets and lack of openness. Jesse and Celine want to share the moments they have and make it last forever.The movies setting and ideals as well as the genre are clear indications that the target group is young people, who believe in a love that can endure all kinds of obstacles. The movies are expressing the strong emotions that are usually repressed in individuals everyday lives. The movies have taken exposit found in our everyday lives and transformed them in to moments of strong emotions. These are however a reality among teenagers who believe in a strong kind of love that is unconditional, and they are best expressed in Generation X films. In addition, the idea of wandering in a foreign city wi th a stranger you have just met but feel emotionally connected brings about a feeling of intoxication among young people than it would in sure-enough(a) adults.Significance of the excursion from Hollywood Conventional PlotDeviation from the conventional Hollywood plot brought about a different kind of reality from that brought about in the Hollywood plot. The deviation has enabled the movie to bring about the interpersonal connections that exist between people and that allow them to find new value in their lives. Despite having deviated from the social norms and ideals of the Hollywood conventional plot, the movies are fully achieved art works with a lot of creativity and suspense created through repeated viewings. The movie offers illusion of an eternal moment and a fulfillment of a dream by capturing the significance of each moment in the scenes despite their seemingly messy complexity. Despite being plotless, the movies are well structured in terms of the things the characters say to each other, when, and how they say them (Before Sunrise).Varying Aspects of the Movies from those of Hollywood narrative ConventionDeviation from the Hollywood plot in the movies was achieved through incorporating or leaving out a variety of aspects. One of these aspects is the setting. Instead of the elaborate setting in movies with convectional plots, these movies revolve around similar settings which are not elaborate. The two characters are first seen in the train where they meet, and after that, the setting changes to the cities where they stroll. In Before Sunrise, they enter in to places such as bars, and restaurants (Before Sunrise). Before Sunset has a similar setting whereby they walk around Paris entering in to places like gardens and restaurants.The film terminology is different from that of Hollywood movies. The camera movements of the movies are quite unique. There is a lot of reframing which results to viewing repetitions in Before Sunrise which help in captu ring emotions (Before Sunrise). Before Sunset is majorly inclusive of long-take tracking pictures. Their significance is that they have enhanced realism which is non-existent. The movie has contrasting and masterful lighting. The dialogue between the characters is light and calculated as they talk about their lives, love, and their experiences. This is contrary to the conventional plot whose dialogue is strong basing on the conflict.Character development is not given much significance as the story itself. Celine is presented as a modern woman who is confident and smart. She is also presented as funny and lovely. Jesse on the other hand, is a bit old fashioned, goofy, intelligent, and sensitive. He is also evasive as he avoids confessing of having any romantic feelings.In order to tell the story without necessarily employing a specific plot, the movies have diligent a simple narrative structure. The immediacy of each of his scenes through calculated revelations of the characters abo ut their lives, feelings and opinions about things. The point at which they say details about themselves, and how they reveal them are gradual and elaborate. It does not consist of a conflict waiting to be resolved, or protagonists and antagonists. The structure gives the movie its substance which is the details the characters reveal about themselves, how they tell them, and the memories they have about their encounters.ConclusionThe movies, Before sunrise and Before Sunset present a love story that is strong and fragile at the same time. The movies are however quite unique as they belong to the slacker genre. The movies have completely deviated from the Hollywood Conventional plot through the use of different kinds of settings, lighting, and narrative structure. Most importantly, the storyline deviates from the narrative convention as the storyline itself which does not have such aspects such as protagonist, antagonist or conflict which are considered significant. These aspects ha ve made the movies to be considered as examples of slacker genre, and to the overall success of the movies.

Isolation and Identification of Listeria Species

Isolation and Identification of Listeria SpeciesAlesha Coleman-McCallumTitleIsolation and Identification of Listeria species from chicken sample victimisation Palcam broth (pre-enrichment), UVM 11 broth ( discriminating enrichment), Palcam and Oxford agars (selective plating) also standation using biochemical tests.ObjectivesTo isolate Listeria species from chicken sampleTo observe the reaction of listeria on selective specialityTo confirm the Listeria species using biochemical testsIntroductionListeria is a genus of aerobic parasitic, gram positive rod-shaped bacterium (Define, n.d). This genus has more than 10 species with the commonly encountered being Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria grayi, Listeria murrayi. Members of this genus ar extensively spread in the environment and maybe found in soil, plants, gastrointestinal tract of animal and humans. Listeria monocytogenes species is of great concern be cause it is pathogenic to humans and causes listeriosis. Listeriosis is a alimentborne illness (Hardy Diagnostics, 1996).Listeria monocytogenes is different from most bacteria since it can grow in the cold, salt, acid and air-tight conditions. The increased demand of ready to eat nutritions especially in first world countries has the potential of listeriosis more eminent. Pregnant women, older adults, young children and immunocompromised persons ar more susceptible to Listeriosis infections. therefrom cooking, pasteurization/applying heating steps to food, avoiding raw meat and milk/ moist or processed food and washing hands regularly may restrict the risk of infections. (FDA, 2004). According to Food Quality natural rubber USA 4 a dry and clean work environment is crucial in avoiding listeria outbreaks in the food industry.Methods for IdentificationMethods used in BI208 lab for identification of Listeria were Palcam broth (pre-enrichment) then UVM 11 broth for selective enr ichment step, Palcam (selective agent) and Oxford agars (selective and differential agent). For confirmation of species organism was plated on a blood agar to check for hemolysis. Biochemical test included SIM tube for motility, mannitol, D Xylose and L Rhamnose reactions obtained. Other methods that could be used to differentiate listeria species are Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Rapid Identification Kits and Serological tests (MFHPB-07, 2012).ResultsTable showing results obtained from Listeria media reactionMediaObservationsReactionPalcam agarShiny, smooth, circular, convex colonies.No fermentationNo HydrolsisOxford AgarBlack colour around coloniesEsculin ReductionBloodCream, hilly,glistening coloniesNo Beta-hemolysisMannitolTransparent colonies banD XyloseTransparent coloniesNegativeL Rhamnose legerity yellow fermentation around coloniesPositiveSIM TubeUmbrella shaped growthPositiveGram Stain gram positive rodsAssuming Listeria monocytogenes maneuver was usedMediaExpected ResultsPalcam BrothCloudyUVM 11CloudyPalcam AgarNo fermentationPositive HydrolysisOxford AgarEsculin ReductionBloodBeta-hemolysisMannitolNegativeD XyloseNegativeL RhamnosePositiveSIM TubePositiveDiscussionListeria innocua was isolated from the chicken sample. Listeria innocua is not usually implicated in food born-illnesses however an isolated death in an elderly patient was reported (Perrin, Bemer and Delamare, 2003).Portions of chicken sample were first placed in pre-enrichment broth in disposition for stressed cells to become viable and all otherwise bacterial cells to multiply. Enrichment stage is to partially suppress unwanted organisms and allow listeria to thrive. Oxford agar (OXA) is both selective and differential. The selective properties of OXA agar give not allow gram negative organisms to grow while suppressing most gram positive organisms (Oxoid, n.d). The different property of OXA agar will allow some species of Listeria to be totally inhibited, growth with or with out blackened colonies (MFHPB-07, 2012). Palcam agar utilizes two indicator systems esculin and mannitol. Listeria monocytogenes changes esculin to a black complex around colonies exactly does not ferment mannitol. Therefore some gram positive organisms such as enterococci and staphylococci will ferment mannitol hence can be ruled out as contaminants (Oxoid, n.d). Blood agar was used to determine if the organism is beta-hemolytic. Other Biochemical tests were mannitol, D Xylose, L Rhamnose and SIM Tube to differentiate and confirm the species. Since Listeria monocytogenes is pathogenic to humans a 2 Class Sampling Plan would be used to asses if the chicken is fit for consumption. Different species of an organism may let on variable characteristics and maybe mistaken. Listeria species were found and should be deemed unacceptable for consumption. Further testing such as PCR which is very specific could be used to conclusively identify the species present.ConclusionsBased on the obje ctives previously outlined, isolation and Identification of Listeria species from chicken sample using Palcam broth method was very effective.ReferencesDefine,n.d. Listeria Genus. Retrieved February 22, 2017 from http//www.dictionary.com/browse/listeriaHardy Diagnostics, 1996. Food Borne-illneses Retrieved February 22, 2017 from https//catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/ confine/hugo/Listeria.htmFDA, 2004. Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook The Bad Bug Book U.S. FDA/CFSAN. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College park, MD.Food Quality Safety (formerly Food Quality),2007. Retrieved February 20, 2017 from http//www.foodqualityandsafety.com/article/prevent-and-control-listeriaJay, J.M.,Loessner, M.J. Golden, D. A. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology Indicator of Food Microbial Quality and Safety, 476-477. United States of America Springer Science+Business Media LLC .MFHPB-07 Method, November, 2012. The isolation of Listeria monocytogenes and other listeria species from food and environment samples using Palcam broth. Retrieved February 20, 2017 fromhttp//www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/res-rech/analy-meth/microbio/volume2-eng.phpMonique Perrin, Michel Bemer and Catherine Delamare, 2003. Fatal Case of Listeria innocua Bacteremia Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyOxoid, n.d. Enrichment Media for Listeria. Retrieved February 20, 2017 fromhttp//www.oxoid.com/uk/blue/prod_detail/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM0856org=91c=uklang=ENUS Government, n.d. Retrieved February 20, 2017 from https//www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/listeria/Zimbro, M.J., Power D.A., Miller,M.M., Wilson, G.E., Johnson, J.A., (Revised 2009). Difco gun barrel Manual Palcam and Oxford Agar, Culture Media for Specific Groups of Microorganisms. United States of America Becton, Dickinson and Company.

Culture :: essays papers

CultureThe people of Aruba come primarily from European, African, and Latin American countries and the culture of the island reflects these varied backgrounds. The language, food, religion, and celebrations on Aruba are composed of a healthy mix of these countries. Aruba is closely tied to Holland because of its long occupation and present partnership in the Netherlands kingdom. The official language is Dutch, which is seen on the street signs, official documents, and numerous local newspapers. However, many aspects of Arubas culture reveal strong influences of contributing cultures, such as the common language Papiamento. Papiamento dates back to the sixteenth century, as a means for African slaves to communicate with their owners. Papiamento reflects the mentality and culture of the many peoples who have live the region, including the Arawak and Carib Indians, African slaves, South American traders, Spanish conquers, Dutch merchants, Portuguese missionaries, and french an d English settlers. While grammar is basic, many non-Arubans find its syntax and intonation challenging. Much of Papiamento has been transfer down verbally from generation to generation. Its proverbs contain a simply stated wealth of philosophy and insight. Through humor and metaphor, utilizing food, animals, and objects from everyday life, Papiamento lends universal guidance and wisdom. nearly public phrases are Bon Dia for good morning, and Masha Danki for thank you.Aruban food is simple in preparation and taste. Mostly grilled without a lot of grease or spice, chicken, weight and vegetables are often accompanied by local vegetables such as corn, broccoli, potatoes or rice. Johnnycakes are fried biscuits prepared with slat fish (bacalaw) from Canada and Norway, which are popular in Aruba. Also popular are stews of beef, chicken, and goat, with ingredients of a cucumber called concomber and rice with black beans. Stuffed cheese, called keeshi yena, is a traditional Ar uban dish dating back to the days of the Dutch western United States India Company. It was originally made by hollowing out the round Dutch cheeses and stuffing them with a mixture of chicken, vegetables, and spices. More modern recipes include raisins, grated cheese, breadcrumbs, olives, capers, and gherkins, and beef, fish or shrimp is sometimes used in lieu of chicken. Often eaten in place of bread is a cornmeal pudding similar to polenta. Slaves brought this recipe to the Caribbean from West Africa.Culture essays papersCultureThe people of Aruba come primarily from European, African, and Latin American countries and the culture of the island reflects these varied backgrounds. The language, food, religion, and celebrations on Aruba are composed of a healthy mix of these countries. Aruba is closely tied to Holland because of its long occupation and present partnership in the Netherlands kingdom. The official language is Dutch, which is seen on the street signs, official documents, and many local newspapers. However, many aspects of Arubas culture reveal strong influences of contributing cultures, such as the common language Papiamento. Papiamento dates back to the sixteenth century, as a means for African slaves to communicate with their owners. Papiamento reflects the mentality and culture of the many peoples who have inhabited the region, including the Arawak and Carib Indians, African slaves, South American traders, Spanish conquers, Dutch merchants, Portuguese missionaries, and French and English settlers. While grammar is basic, many non-Arubans find its syntax and intonation challenging. Much of Papiamento has been handed down verbally from generation to generation. Its proverbs contain a simply stated wealth of philosophy and insight. Through humor and metaphor, utilizing food, animals, and objects from everyday life, Papiamento lends universal guidance and wisdom. Some popular phrases are Bon Dia for good morning, and Masha Danki fo r thank you.Aruban food is simple in preparation and taste. Mostly grilled without a lot of grease or spice, chicken, fish and vegetables are often accompanied by local vegetables such as corn, broccoli, potatoes or rice. Johnnycakes are fried biscuits prepared with slat fish (bacalaw) from Canada and Norway, which are popular in Aruba. Also popular are stews of beef, chicken, and goat, with ingredients of a cucumber called concomber and rice with black beans. Stuffed cheese, called keeshi yena, is a traditional Aruban dish dating back to the days of the Dutch West India Company. It was originally made by hollowing out the round Dutch cheeses and stuffing them with a mixture of chicken, vegetables, and spices. More modern recipes include raisins, grated cheese, breadcrumbs, olives, capers, and gherkins, and beef, fish or shrimp is sometimes used in lieu of chicken. Often eaten in place of bread is a cornmeal pudding similar to polenta. Slaves brought this recipe to the Carib bean from West Africa.

Schizophrenia: A Possible Etiology? Essay -- Mental Illness Health Ess

Schizophrenia A Possible Etiology?As for me, you must make outI shouldnt precisely have chosen madnessif there had been any choice.What consoles me is thatI am beginning to consider madnessas an complaint like any other,and that I accept it as such.-in a letter to his brother TheoAccording to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly 20% of the US population may suffer from a diagnosable mental illness in any given six month period (1991). Obviously the cut back of mental health warrants close scrutiny, as such illness can translate into lost work days and lost dollars. From a health manage perspective, many of those suffering can be relieved of their symptoms and return to normal life, so to speak. Schizophrenia, however represents one of the to a greater extent disabling illnesses whose prognosis for the patient looks poor. touch on nearly two million Americans, schizophrenia probably represents a grouping of many types of resembling illnesses (NIMH, 1991). Typically, th e patient exhibits prodromal signs such as social isolation and withdrawal, share impairment, eccentric behavior, decreased affect, and disregard for personal hygiene. These then generally give way to intermittent psychotic episodes with intervening, sometimes long negative symptom periods. The so called positive symptoms of schizophrenia include disordered thinking and memory the patient may display incoherent speech and rapid shifting to unrelated ideas. Delusions and turned or bizarre beliefs, hallucinations, and perceptual difficulties also comprise the symptomology. Schizophrenic persons usually have an absence of feeling, a sense of remoteness and inappropriate reactions. Even more difficult to treat (Kandel) are the negative signs of poverty ... ...orks Cited Kandel, Eric R. Disorders of Thought Schizophrenia. pp. 854-868. Krieckhaus, E. E., Donahoe, John W., Morgan, Maria A. Paranoid Schizophrenia May be Caused by Dopamine Hyperactivity of CA1 Hippocampus. biologic Psych iatry. Vol. 31, 1992 pp. 560--570. Nasralleh, Henry A. Neurodevelopmental Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Vol. 16, no 2, June, 1993 pp. 271-279. National Institute of Mental Health. Caring for People With Severe Mental Disorders A National Plan of search to Improve Services. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)91-1762. Washington, D.C. Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1991. Wright, Padraig, Gill, Michael, Murray, Robin M. Schizophrenia Genetics and the Maternal Immune Response to Viral Infection. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsvchiatric Genetics, Vol. 48, 1993 pp. 40-46.