Friday, December 27, 2019

Aligning Profitability and Sustainability Nike - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 719 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/17 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Nike Essay Organization Essay Did you like this example? Aligning profitability and sustainability A central issue that companies grapple with as they try to become more sustainable is how and to what extent they adopt this as part of their corporate strategy. Nike faces the same dilemma as it builds on the success of the ‘Considered’ initiative while simultaneously encountering challenges implementing the ethos across the entire brand. How far can and should Nike go in â€Å"considering the right thing and doing the right thing†? Businesses often strive to find the balance between being economically and environmentally sustainable. However, it is possible, with innovation, to align the benefits of these aspects and minimize trade-offs. For Nike to advance on the sustainability scale, it is imperative that they identify and pursue alignment mechanisms that will allow it to become profitable and sustainable. Integrating sustainability across the brand While Considered as an ethos is promoted and accepted acros s the Nike brand, a key obstacle to progress is its limited and non-uniform implementation across the various categories. Sustainability needs to evolve from being a strategic initiative to an organizational strategy that encapsulates all categories setting brand wide objectives, identifying resources, and establishing uniform metrics for performance. As noted in the case, sustainability for Nike is not just a CSR goal anymore rather a crucial factor in long-term growth and competitiveness of the company. Specific measures in the strategy to accomplish this could include creation of a comprehensive index covering all categories and products taking into consideration the differences in costs, prices, and targets. Secondly, modifying the operations to build in the impact of sustainable design, development and manufacturing on the production time line will allow for wider implementation of the practices. Furthermore, this helps incorporate iterative design through measurement, au dit, and tracking through the product life cycle. Adoption would also increase if Nike can create a broader negotiating platform to enable all categories to benefit from price reductions from suppliers. Finally, any organizational strategy would require champions among the various teams to disseminate the sustainability ethos, build liaisons across functions and in general ensure broader enforcement of best practices. The message of â€Å"being good is good for the business† needs to be part of the leadership’s vision, implementation and evaluative measures in the company. External partnerships and alliances An internal philosophy and focus on sustainability is one part of the equation in achieving long-term sustainability in an organization. Organizations need to create and foster an eco-system around them that help them align the profitability and sustainability goals. Nike, as the market leader, is in an excellent position to create partnerships and alliances towards that goal. Nike should spearhead the creation and/or consolidation of industry wide practices including rating systems for the products and performance metrics. Promoting environmentally friendly systems would accelerate adoption by suppliers thereby strengthening its global sourcing channels. Third-party monitoring and validation relationships would bolster Nike’s credibility and improve its standing as an environmentally responsible organization. This is especially important in the light of its past experience with the labor crisis. Nike should create strategic partnerships with suppliers promoting knowledge sharing, assisting in training and education and identifying long-term benefits. It should engage the suppliers in dialogues regarding comprehensive standards promoting alignment in their goals. Customer awareness and branding An organization’s value is in the eyes of the customer. The Nike brand commands tremendous customer loyalty and recognition through its association with high performance, innovation and aesthetics. For Nike to evolve as a sustainable brand, it has to create value for its customer to be part of the new ecosystem. Nike should differentiate itself by the additional dimension of eco-friendliness to build on its performance and aesthetic values. Leveraging celebrity endorsements and raising consumer awareness, Nike should engage customers in the sustainability vision through collaboration with NGOs, eco-friendly groups and environmental campaigns. Evolving the brand to be associated with social and environmental responsibility would improve customer satisfaction and the bottom-line. In conclusion, Nike’s challenge is to interlock profitability and sustainability as it strives to address global sourcing, competitive and environmental issues. To succeed, Nike should create a comprehensive strategy to implement sustainability practices internally while simultaneously forming alliances and partnerships with external stakeholders, including customers. By marrying innovation with ‘green’ it is feasible for Nike to create cost-effective, high performing, and ‘cool’ eco-friendly products. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Aligning Profitability and Sustainability: Nike" essay for you Create order

Thursday, December 19, 2019

When Plato s The Cave - 1626 Words

When Plato wrote â€Å"The Cave†, he was talking about how the process of learning philosophy. You are in a cave where you are only shown a fraction of the truth, and you believe it to be true because you have never been shown, or have known, anything different. But then someone comes along and shows you the way to enlightenment, and brings you to a higher level of understanding by showing you that the things you have perceived as real were not real at all, but shadows of the real figures dancing along the walls. You begin to explore the outside world for the first time, absorbing this new found information; but then you think back to the others that are still stuck in the cave. You return to those people to show them this new world and its knowledge, but they do not take you seriously because you have grown unaccustomed to the conditions of the cave, your eyes cannot see well in the dark anymore; and therefore, they do not take you choose to ignore you because you are no longer like them and on their level of understanding. Or perhaps they would get angry with you because you are annoying them with knowledge they do not want, and would possibly want you out of their lives for it. But still you continue to try because that is your obligation to society, to share the knowledge to better everyone for the greater good. The cave has been discussed for the past 2000 years since Plato wrote it in his book â€Å"The Republic†. From this allegory, and the book, the philosophers afterShow MoreRelatedEnlightenment Vs. The Comfort Of Fantasy Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesEnlightenment vs. The Comfort of Fantasy Plato is known as the most progressive and fruitful philosophers of his time. He created the practice of questioning everything, and he illuminated the knowledge ignored by the majority. His ideas were rejected, despite his intentions of expanding knowledge and creating a more clear vision of the world. However, his students of philosophy, Aristotle and Glaucon were the most prominent of those who chose to learn from him. Plato engaged in dialogue with these twoRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1249 Words   |  5 Pages Although he wrote many works in his time, Plato s most famous piece was The Republic. The philosopher created what we know as the allegory of the cave. Plato once wrote, How could they see anything but the shadows if they were never allowed to move their heads? (Plato) In The Truman Show, created in 1998, the man that controls Truman Burbank s life says, We accept the reality of the world with which we re presented. It s as simple as that. (Nichol) The allegory portrays mankind as prisonersRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Life794 Words   |  4 PagesAnalogy of Plato and Aristotle Aristotle and Plato were each great intellectual however their views on life are totally different. Plato was born round the year 428 BCE in Athens. (Plato) Plato was then introduce to was introduced to philosophy by Socrates in 469-399 B.C.( Plato)Who then became is mentor, however Socrates died , however shortly after his mentor die he had an an inspiration to induce his into politics this then lead him to be educated in Mediterranean. Plato then startedRead More plato Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss Plato’s Parable of the Cave. Plato’s parable of the cave, also known as the â€Å"allegory of the cave, opulently describes beneficial metaphors and elaborate imagery about knowledge, ignorance, truth and lastly enlightenment. The allegory of the cave appears at the beginning of Book VII of Plato’s The Republic, which in itself is principally a study of justice, government and leadership. In The Republic, Plato describes a cave containing individuals confined to the cave floor, bound by shacklesRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscourses for long after its initial kindling. Such is the case with Plato s allegory of the cave, which has for over 2,500 years inspired significant contributions to theorizations of truth. Despite the age of Plato s work, the truth in the allegory is demonstrated by its own universality; as a formative piece of literature, the story acts as a gateway into Western discourses of truth. Truth remains an elusive quality, particularly when it is elevated to a universal value. Elevation as such brings intoRead More Analysis of Platos Allegory of the Cave Essay example995 Words   |  4 PagesPlatos Allegory of the Cave Platos Allegory of the Cave presents a vision of humans as slaves chained in front of a fire observing the shadows of things on the cave wall in front of them. The shadows are the only reality the slaves know. Plato argues that there is a basic flaw in how we humans mistake our limited perceptions as reality, truth and goodness. The allegory reveals how that flaw affects our education, our spirituality and our politics. The flaw that Plato speaks about is trustingRead MoreCritical View Into Philip Zimbardo s Stanford Prison Experiment 1530 Words   |  7 Pagesinto Philip Zimbardo s Stanford Prison Experiment Zimbardo s prison experiment continues to receive a lot of critics from the manner in which it was carried out to the results that its portrayed. Some people believe that as a psychologist, Zimbardo should have done a better job in trying to show how good can turn into evil through the said experiment. The research also demonstrates the interaction between the reality and the illusion which is also the concepts that Plato portrays in his analogyRead MoreThe Myth Of The Cave1391 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 14, 2015 The Myth of the Cave What is real, what is not, how can I really know the world around me? These are simple questions that philosophers have pondered on for hundreds of years. This type of questioning falls under the topic of metaphysics which deals with two broad questions of what is there and what is it like? Philosophers that discuss metaphysics question what we perceive in this world and attempt to clarify the sensations that we feel. Plato a renowned philosopher and studentRead MoreAnalyzing Plato s Allegory Of The Cave874 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Cave through my own interpretation. An allegory is defined as â€Å"a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.† In Plato’s Republic the short excerpt The Allegory of the Cave can be viewed through multiple perspectives. Plato’s image of the cave is known as the â€Å"theory of forms†¦ The theory assumes the existence of a level of reality inhabited by idea l â€Å"forms† of all things and concepts (Revelations: Islam: Plato s AllegoryRead MoreThe By Daniel Quinn s Ishmael, And Plato s Allegory Of The Cave1520 Words   |  7 PagesQuinn’s novel, Ishmael, and Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. Plato makes the compelling argument that people are captives of the world of ignorance. Ishmael complements Plato’s allegory by agreeing that there are two groups of people, that it would be difficult to distinguish the truth, and that people are being deceived. Plato and Ishmael were both able to indicate that there are two groups of people. In his allegory, Plato had described a cave with human beings living in it, â€Å"they cannot move,

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

The Woman Speaks to the Man Who Has Employed Her Son. free essay sample

The Woman Speaks to the Man who has employed Her Son This poem Is relatively easy to understand. Here Is a synopsis of the poem The Woman Speaks to the Man who has employed Her Son by Loran Godson In this poem, a mother expresses her deep affection for her son. She reflects on the unfortunate circumstances of her life as a single parent. She is now concerned about the welfare of her son. This woman is seen as one, whose deep devotion and dedication to her son make her transcend her difficulties.Her responsibility to her son takes priority. But what shatters her now, is the fact that her son is employed by someone who appears to be engaged in shady activities. To her, the gun he carries Is a symbol of destructiveness and criminal activities. The conversational style of the poem makes the reader empathic with the thoughts and feelings of the mother. We will write a custom essay sample on The Woman Speaks to the Man Who Has Employed Her Son. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reader discerns In the mother, fortitude, resilience and spiritual strength which Inform her actions. Did you identify the themes and literary devices in this poem? What are they?Answer these Questions 1. What is the theme of the poem? 2. The mood of the poem is one of (a) disgust and anger (b) optimism and hope (c) sadness and despair 3. Which of these words describe the tone of the poem? Formal, conversational, angry, serious? 4. What do the lines a metallic tide, rising in her mouth each morning suggest about the mother? 5. He treated all his children With equal and unbiased indifference. What do the above lines suggest about the father? 6. Why do you think that the mother is upset about the job her son has taken? 7.What do the black cloth and veiled hat symbolize? . Select the line which expresses the mothers helplessness. 9. Why does she allude to the thief on the left side of the cross? 10. How do you feel as you read the poem? Ay Illimitableness ere Woman Speaks to the Man who has employed Her Son This poem is relatively easy to understand. Here is a synopsis of the poem ere Woman Speaks to the Man who has employed Her Son by Loran Goodish Irish woman is seen as one, whose deep devotion and dedication to her son make her engaged in shady activities.To her, the gun he carries is a symbol of destructiveness he conversational style of the poem makes the reader empathic with the thoughts and feelings of the mother. The reader discerns in the mother, fortitude, resilience and spiritual strength which inform her actions. 1 . What is the theme of the poem? Disgust and anger lb) optimism and hope sadness and despair 4. What do the lines a metallic tide, Ninth equal and unbiased indifference. hat do the above lines suggest about the father? 5. Why do you think that the mother is upset about the Job her son has taken? 7. Nat do the black cloth and hat symbolize?

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Teachings of Don Juan Review Essay Example

The Teachings of Don Juan Review Paper Essay on The Teachings of Don Juan Lets face it: if this book is not got it in 1968 and it is in the United States, it would be Carlos Castaneda little-known anthropologist, obsessive polubredovymi ideas about other realities. It is possible that he would be able to collect even a certain small group of his followers, but no more But The Teachings of Don Juan is not just made him famous (and rich), he soon acquired the status of cult writer. We must pay tribute to Castaneda it is this status not only took advantage of it he confirmed, and following his book (note very different from Teachings ) carry much more meaning and proper teaching to be honest, the Teachings of Don Juan can not be adequately perceived in isolation from subsequent creativity Castaneda, as the book itself more closely resembles a manual for Mexican drug. The Teachings of Don Juan is unlikely to flip the consciousness of todays reader, weary abundance of mediumistic inspirations, koi a torrent poured out on us from TV screens and bookshelves. And just remembering that its Castaneda! Can be seen in a drugged delirium spark spiritual insights, and preparation procedures (and use) Psychotropic substances perceived as magical rituals, filled with deep meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on The Teachings of Don Juan Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Teachings of Don Juan Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Teachings of Don Juan Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But it all really? Or maybe all these meanings are conjectures and Teaching does not carry anything mystical and profound? These are questions unanswered. Like so many other questions about the work and life of this extraordinary man certainly PS For your information:. The Teachings of Don Juan is the thesis of Carlos Castaneda for the degree of Master of the University of California Anthropology. And he received this degree.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Why Do People Follow Cults Essay Example For Students

Why Do People Follow Cults Essay Cults Each year, hundreds of North Americans join one of the increasing, estimated 3000 unorthodox religions that exist across North America. The increasing number of cults, to date in North America, is due to the fact that cults are a social movement that attempts to help people cope with their perceived problems with social interaction. Cult recruiters target those who perceive themselves as different from the rest of society, and give these individuals the sense of belonging that they crave. Cult literature lures potential cult members by appealing to their desperate need to socially fit in. Cults provide a controlled family environment that appeals to potential cult members because it is a removal from the exterior society. Cult recruiters prey on those who see themselves as alienated from the rest of society, and give these people the sense of conformity that they desire. A common method of recruiters, to obtain new members, is through chat lines on the internet. We will write a custom essay on Why Do People Follow Cults specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A recorded conversation between a member of the Divine Light Mission, Fire-Shade, and an 18-year old boy, Jay 18, was obtained off of the site, IRC Teen Chat. Jay18: I am a really great poet, but all of the kids in my class are pretty warped about it. I basically hide it from them because I dont need that hassle. Fire-Shade: My family has a great respect for the artist inside us all. I know you live in Michigan, and our family could always use new operatives all over the world. You have to understand what our family is about, it is about always fitting in and never hiding the truth to be liked or cool. Are you interested? Jay18: Well maybe Fire-Shade: Give me your phone number we really shouldnt talk about this here. Jay18: I would rather not give my phone number out. You give me yours, I wont be able to talk for long though. Fire-Shade: Trust is very important in our group. Do you trust me? You cant call us, unfortunately because we are not in a position to be accepting phone calls. Jay18: Well then you can just e-mail me. OK. Fire-Shade: disconnects1 The cult member makes the young boy feel as though he does care about his problems, and wants to make this boys life better. Fire-Shade conveys his family as an entity not as many different individuals. After feeling alone for many years the only persuasion some individuals need is the assurance that they will be part of a society and accepted unconditionally. Cult members know what type of individuals feel most alienated and alone, says Dr. Lorna Goldberg, a New Jersey psychoanalyst. No one plans to join a cult unless they see that cult as a possibility for a family, or a better society. Cults target people in transition college students away from home for the first time, people who have moved to new cities for jobs, those who have just been divorced or widowed. Usually individuals 16 to 25 or 35 to 40. The vast majority of members are merely looking for a sense of community and belonging, during a difficult time in their lives.2 Cults provide an ersatz social unit, which takes them in, nurtures them and reinforces the cults worldview. By the time that most cult members realize that this cult isnt what they had expected, it is too late, because they are already too afraid to leave. Recruiters are not the only way that potential members are enticed into cults, often their literature is powerful enough. Cult novels, pamphlets and websites draw in potential cult members by appealing to their desperate need to socially fit in. Often if a piece of cult literature is written correctly it convinces the most logical mind of the most absurd reasoning, like this pamphlet by the Heavens Gate cult. The generally accepted norms of todays societies world over are designed, established, and maintained by the individuals who were at one time students of the Kingdom of Heaven- angels in the making- who flunked out of the classroom. .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 , .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 .postImageUrl , .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 , .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1:hover , .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1:visited , .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1:active { border:0!important; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1:active , .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1 .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u15266913903feb060bb56795413bedf1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile delinquency Essay Legends and scriptures refer to them as fallen angels. The current civilizations records use the name Satan or Lucifer to describe a single fallen angel

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Best Babe Didrikson Zaharias Quotes

Best Babe Didrikson Zaharias Quotes Babe Didrikson Zaharias was an outstanding athlete from her early years. She excelled in basketball, track and field, and golf. In track and field, she won medals or established world records in five different events. After winning two gold and one silver medal in the 1932 Olympics at Los Angeles, she played basketball, appeared at major league baseball exhibition games, and finally switched to golf. She married George Zaharias in 1938, and died of cancer in 1956. A favorite with the press, she often did not get along well with other athletes, who resented her aggressiveness and self-promotion. It has been argued that Babe Didrikson Zaharias was the greatest woman athlete ever. Quotations by Babe Didrikson Zaharias All of my life I have always had the urge to do things better than anybody else. You cant win them all- but you can try. I am out to beat everybody in sight, and that is just what Im going to do. You have to play by the rules of golf just as you have to live by the rules of life. Theres no other way. Study the rules so that you wont beat yourself by not knowing something. Before I was in my teens, I knew exactly what I wanted to be: I wanted to be the best athlete who ever lived. Luck? Sure. But only after long practice and only with the ability to think under pressure. The formula for success is simple: practice and concentration then more practice and more concentration. The more you practice, the better. But in any case, practice more than you play. Practice, which some regard as a chore, should be approached as just about the most pleasant recreation ever devised, besides being a necessary part of golf. Its not enough just to swing at the ball. Youve got to loosen your girdle and let er fly. Golf is a game of coordination, rhythm and grace; women have these to a high degree. Good golf is easier to play and far more pleasant than bad golf. I played with boys rather than girls. I preferred baseball, football, foot-racing and jumping with the boys, to hop-scotch and jacks and dolls, which were about the only things girls did. Get toughened up by playing boys games, but dont get tough. Winning has always meant much to me, but winning friends has meant the most. You know when theres a star, like in show business, the star has her name in lights on the marquee! Right? And the star gets the money because the people come to see the star, right? Well, Im the star, and all of you are in the chorus. As long as Im improving, I will go on, and besides, theres too much money in the business to quit. The Babe is here. Whos coming in second? Quotes About Babe Didrikson Zaharias On her gravestone:Â  Babe Didrikson Zaharias, 1911-1956, Worlds Greatest Woman Athlete Grantland Rice (Sportswriter) She is beyond all belief until you finally see her perform. Then you finally understand that you are looking at the most flawless section of muscle harmony, of complete mental and physical coordination, the world of sport has ever seen. Paul Gallico (in Sports Illustrated) It may be another 50 or 75 years before such a performer as Mildred Didrikson Zaharias again enters the lists. For even if some yet unborn games queen matches her talent, versatility, skill, patience and will to practice, along with her flaming competitive spirit, ... there still remains the little matter of courage and character, and in these departments the Babe must be listed with the champions of all times. Betty Dodd (Golfer and Companion of Babe Didrikson Zaharias) I had such admiration for this fabulous person. I never wanted to be away from her even when she was dying of cancer. I loved her. I wouldve done anything for her.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

You have to Give a reasons for transfering and the objectives you to Essay

You have to Give a reasons for transfering and the objectives you to achieve in the university - Essay Example Due to the testimonies of friends, relatives and acquaintances, I have chosen the Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business which was specifically referred and advised for reasons ranging from offering selected courses, being academically reputable, using multidimensional approaches in teaching, providing a conducive learning environment, and ensuring that one who graduates would get immediate employment. Aside from these reasons, one considers proximity to one’s residence as a plus factor for the choice. This way, one would not need to be away from the support of parents and thereby, do not need to entail additional costs for lodging and other instrumental expenses related to studying in a university that is miles away from home. Another crucial factor for transferring to Georgetown University is that the course modules for the International Business degree program and requirements that address personal and professional goals. I am interested to delve into the areas of global financial markets, international trade, and intercultural communications, to name a few. These courses would prepare one in meeting the challenges of global organizations where one plans to apply in the future. In this regard, Georgetown University likewise determines one’s credentials and qualifications to determine if they would cater to one’s distinct needs and requirements. Georgetown University has sets of requirements for admitting students’ applications. Aside from having completed the pre-requisites for theoretical and academic backgrounds, Georgetown considers evaluating the past academic performance, level of knowledge, abilities and skills in communication. By effectively completing personal statements or essays, the McDonough School of Business would be able to gauge one’s writing and communication skills. Through passing entrance examinations and completing the required submission

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Strategic Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Marketing - Case Study Example It is a democratic country which ensures that the tourism industry enjoys stability and hence the hotel industry will also get benefitted. India has a specific ministry called tourism ministry which formulates strategies to enhance the tourism sector in India. Indian government charges huge amount of taxes from the luxury hotels which will have a huge impact as political scenario changes. The hotel industry in India gets good incentives and the respective state governments also supports development of such hotels and their growth. Though the terrorist attacks on Taj Hotels and Oberoi hotel have led to drop in foreign travellers, Indian government is taking steps to allay such fears (Kachwala and Mukherjee, 2009, p. 158). Economic Factors India is one of the fastest growing economies of the world with the GDP growing almost 4 to 5 % where the rest of the world economies are slowing down. Hence many business meetings and conferences are held in India and the hotel industry tries to cap italize on that. It is seen that many foreign tourist travellers are now willing to spend money to get their value for it. As economy of India is increasing at a good pace, it signifies investments in infrastructure, construction of new avenues for tourist, increase in promotional expenditure, beautification of the cities and towns etc. These give a boost to the hotel industry. With high growth in GDP and a sound financial system, the hotel industry has grabbed the chance of enhancing their profitability (Anand, 1976, p. 43). Socio-Cultural India being a diverse nation has diverse languages, traditions, cultures, cuisines; making it an ideal destination for cultural tourism. India has more 22 languages recognized by constitution and 1600 dialects. Hence cultural tourism in India will rise and so will the growth of the hotel industry. According to Indian culture they always treat guest as God. In Sanskrit there is a popular Shloka â€Å"ATHITHI DEVO BAHVAH†. It gestures the lo ve for their guest that exist in India. Foreigners love this concept and are pleased with the love they get in travelling to India. This also enhances the Hotel Industry (Briggs, 2001, p. 49). Technological In today’s globalised world Information technology plays a critical role in tourism planning and implementation. There are web based platform like makemytrip.com, yatra.com in India which provides tourist booking hotels online. Most of the luxury hotels are now Wi-Fi enabled. More technology means less manpower and chance of lesser complaints. This shows enhancement of the Hotel Industry In India transportation system is not as per the international standard. For any nation to be successful in tourism industry it must be equipped with efficient transportation system which is capable of carrying large volumes of people in a cost efficient way. India is lagging behind in this front. If this improves a foreigner can easily find such luxury hotels and travel there comfortably (Kannan, 2005, p. 39). Environmental In India the environmental forces supports the Hotel Industry in India. Environmental forces like growth of GDP, Political stability in India supports the Hotel industry in India. Legal Indian Legal system is very strong and it doesn’t support any flouting of rules like keeping emergency services ready, keeping the appropriate records of the foreign visitors, paying of appropriate taxes etc. Such

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Supernatural in the Voice Essay Example for Free

The Supernatural in the Voice Essay Thomas Hardy is a poet well known for his pessimism and dark and gloomy undertone in his poems. He does not believe in God or heaven, but instead in the supernatural or spiritual force. This is strongly evident in the poem The Voice. The woman that call(s) to (him) is his wife Emma, whose death is the source of his pain. The persona never refers to Emma by name, instead he calls her the woman, she or as a ghost in After a Journey and even as a shadow in The Shadow on the Stone. The persona no longer calls Emma by name as he no longer recognises what form she has taken now that she has passed away and where (she) will be next theres no knowing. As Hardy does not accept the theory of heaven, he firmly believes that Emma is alive around him in the form of spiritual energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only converted to other forms. He believes that Emmas soul has been converted to another form, one that is very much alive, or at least in his mind. Hardy cannot deal with his great loss, and so he recreates Emma in his subconscious. Emmas ghost does not haunt him; it is he that makes the decision to see her. Let me view you then, he says. As Emma lives in the supernatural world, the persona has to move from the rational to the irrational world in order to view her. He imagines her calling to him; can it be (her) that (he) hear(s)? The repetition of call to me is a device used to signify how her voice echoes in his subconscious. Emma tells him that she is not as (she was) and that she has changed from the one who was all to (him). He then decides to conjure up an image of her when they were courting, a time when she was young and vibrant with life. Every detail is cemented in his mind, even to the original air-blue gown. Air-blue is a translucent, even transparent colour, one that ghost or spectre would appear as. In the third stanza, the assonance in the words wistlessness and listlessness create a soft, mysterious and flowing sound to signify the sound the breeze is making, hence having an onomatopoeic effect. Also, the breeze is personified, but it is more the persona that is listless than the breeze itself. The word dissolved adds to the image of Emmas soul being simply disintegrated in the wind. The wet mead sets the perfect atmosphere for an illusion; mysterious, foggy and spooky. The broken rhythm, as well as the alliteration of the line, Thus I; faltering forward enhances the physical image of the persona stumbling and struggling along. The effect of the vision on the persona is physically and mentally draining and leaves him weak. This relates to the poem The Going, where enjambment of the word I is used to show how the persona is on the edge of desperation. The leaves around (him) falling indicate that it is autumn, but rather creates the mental image that it is the persona falling. In the poem the Shadow on the Stone, the persona states that summer brought (them) sweets, but autumn wrought division between him and Emma. Autumn is clearly a season of despair and sadness for the persona. Onomatopoeia is used in wind oozing, the oo sound representing the wind and creating a ghostly and eerie effect. The thorn from norward represents the pain and anguish the persona is experiencing, and the wind carries it to him. And still he hears the voice of the woman calling. Throughout the poem, there runs an echo of a supernatural force. The poem resonates with sadness and melancholy, and with the voice of a beloved woman long dead. The irrational world is the only realm where the persona can be rational and sane. The personas love for the woman is so strong; he is willing to sacrifice his sanity in order to meet her. The poem has an extraordinary impact on the reader, and is proof that loves knows no boundaries and is not limited only to the physical world.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Carotenoid Profiles in Pandan Leaves

Carotenoid Profiles in Pandan Leaves Introduction Pandan Leaves In Indonesia, people are familiar of using several herbal leaves for special purposes especially for condiments to act as natural colorants or natural flavors to improve color and flavors in food e.g. pandan leaves (Figure 1). Pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) have been used in cooking and also as traditional herbal treatment for several illnesses in South East Asia Countries (Wongpornchai, 2004). Figure 1. Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. Classification of Pandan leaves are bellow Kingdom:  Plantae Subkingdom:  Tracheobionta Super Division: Spermathophyta Division: Magnoliophyta Class:  Liliopsida Subclass:  Arecidae Ordo:  Pandanales Famili:  Pandanaceae Genus:  Pandanus Species:  Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. There are several herbs that have been investigated contain expressive amounts of several bioactive compounds which can decrease ageing and also prolong life span and living organism (Ferrari, 2013). Natural products, including essential oils and extracts are the main source of biologically active compounds that can give benefit for human health (Fernà ¡ndez-Garcà ­a et al., 2012). Many people said that pandan leaves are vanilla of the east since it is commonly used in several foods with the vanilla like aroma (Comax Flavors, 2011). The genus name Pandanus is derived from the Indonesian name of the tree, pandan. In several Asia countries, pandan leaves, names given include pandan wangi (Malaysian), daun pandan (Indonesian), bai toey or toey hom (Thai), taey (Khmer), tey ban, tey hom (Laotian), dua thom (Vietnamese), and ban yan le (Chinese) (Wongpornchai, 2004). The distribution of pandan leaves is found over Southern India, the Southeast Asia peninsular, Indonesia and Western New Guinea (Wongpornchai, 2004). The plants grow in clumps and have thin and sharp leaves at the edge where the form is like sword, fragrant odor. Pandan leaves, commonly known as pandan, are often used to give a refreshing, fragrant flavor to both sweet and savoury South-East-Asian dishes (rice, chicken, jellies, drinks, puddings, custard or sweets). Pandan leaves are also used in cooking ordinary non-aromatic rice to imitate the more expensive aromatic Basmati and Jasmine rices (Nor, Mohamed, Idris, Ismail, 2008). Since the flavour of pandan leaves is similar to that possessed by some famous aromatic rice varieties, the leaves often find their way into the rice pot to enhance the aroma of lesser rice varieties. By increasing the aroma in lesser rice varieties, it can increase the consumer acceptance by enhance the flavour perception in customer where the non-aromatic rice has similar flavour with the aromatic rice e.g. Basmati and Jasmine rice. Flavour perception is interesting subject. The flavour of food is ultimately a product of the brain. The brain combines sensory information from taste, smell and touch to generate our perception flavour, and how it does this is currently a hot topic in psychology and neuroscience (Stevenson Richard, 2013). The study of the mechanism of important flavour during cooking rice is quite comp lex, where the absorption of important flavour by rice in both optimal and excess water cooking was highly dependent on the presence of water, moisture content of rice, water to rice ratio, starch gelatinization process as well as temperature and time of cooking (Yahya, 2011). Rice grains with the popcorn like fragrance are very popular among several Asian countries. In particular, Basmati in India and Pakistan; Khao Dawk Mali 105 in Thaliand, Pandan rice in Indonesia are very popular (Bryant McClung, 2011; Kawakami et al., 2009). These aromatic rice are more expensive and also more valuable than non aromatic one. Since fragrant rice is very expensive and pandan leaves that have aromatic rice like flavour. Nowadays, since the interest of customer flavour companies have come out with a number of mimetic rice flavour oils. 2-Acetylpyroline (2 ACPY) as one of the main compounds in rice also will give the popcorn like aroma like fragrance (F. Yahya, Fryer, Bakalis, 2011). Because of that, nowadays the encapsulated process of pandan aroma had been developed. Spray drying is the most common and cost effective way to perform encapsulation of flavors. The encapsulated flavour of pandan leaves by using gum Arabic and maltodextrin had been developed (Kawakami et a l., 2009). Pandan leaf extract has been used for food industries as dye materials, and also soya beverage and coconut milk. As a traditional herbal this leaves are generally used for traditional medicine especially to encounter the typhus illness in Indonesia (Roosita, Kusharto, Sekiyama, Fachrurozi, Ohtsuka, 2008). The effect of antimicrobial effect of pandan leaves has been investigated on the preservation of stored milk (Khusniati Widyastuti, 2008). Sometime, pandan leaves are also used to wrap food for cooking, such as chicken wrapped in pandanus leaves and are neatly folded into small baskets for filling with puddings and cakes (Wongpornchai, 2004). The leaves are sometimes also can be put into frying oils to impart flavour to fried food. Pandan extracts also capable of retarding oxidation in palm olein during deep frying process than as effectively other antioxidant which is BHT (Butyl Hydroxy Toluene). In sensory evaluation, the extract also was able to maintain sensory quality of French fries. The delightful flavour characteristic from pandan leaves, which is well-known throughout the world as an important component in Asian cookery, has made the industrial production of both natural extracts and artificial flavourings containing green food colors for use as food additives in Southeast Asian countries enlarge during the past two decades). Like other green leafy vegetables, pandan leaves are also known as potential source of several lipophilic antioxidant e.g. ÃŽ ²-carotene, vitamin E, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid (Isabelle et al., 2010; Lee, Su, Ong, 2004). Leafy vegetables are nutrients dense sources. They possess antioxidant activity and thus have the potential to be used as cheap natural sources for reducing cellular oxidative damage and reduce degenerative conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The consumption of several leafy vegetable are encouraged enough to fulfill nutrient especially in developing countries (Uusiku et al., 2010). Investigation of nutritional value of plants are essential especially to develop strategies to promote the utilization, cultivation and commercialization on these sources of nutrients which could be promoted a new source and other developing countries to assist in promoting biodiversity and combating malnutrition (Schà ¶nfeldt Pretorius, 2011; Uusiku et al., 2010). The delightful flavor characteristic from pandan leaves, which is well-known throughout the world as an important component in Asian cookery, has made the industrial production of both natural extracts and artificial flavorings containing green food colors for use as food additives in Southeast Asian countries enlarge during the past two decades (Wongpornchai, 2004). Pandan leaves which is known as one aromatic plants has been used in several Southeast Asia countries to confer aroma and flavors in several traditional food. Application of pandan leaves flavor have been used in rice, where rice-starch coating containing natural pandan extract produced non-aromatic rice with aroma compounds similar to that of aromatic rice (Laohakunjit Kerdchoechuen, 2007). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from pandan leaves also have been investigated as a novel applications in food flavorings (Bhattacharjee, Kshirsagar, Singhal, 2005; Laohakunjit Noomhorm, 2004). Nowadays pandan leaves have been investigated also as waste treatment. The performance of extracted pandan leaves was investigated towards treatment of textille wastewater by using flocullation process (Ngadi, N. , Yusoff, 2013). This give such a promissing to develop several process by using natural source e.g. pandan leaves for several purposes. Carotenoids The color of food is perhaps the first attribute that consumers assess when determining the quality and appearance of a product, and therefore conditions its acceptability. Color becomes a measure of quality and also an indication of deterioration. More than 700 naturally occurring carotenoids have been identified (Britton et al., 2004). Carotenoids are widely distributed whereas C40 isoprenoid pigments with polyene chains contain up to 15 conjugated double bonds. They furnish flowers and fruits with distinct colors (e.g., yellow, orange, and red), which can attract pollinators In addition carotenoids play important roles in photosynthesis, light harvesting, and prevention of photooxidative damage (Britton et al., 2004). Carotenoids can be classified as carotenes (oxygen-free; e.g ÃŽ ²-carotene) and xanthophylls (oxygen-containing; e.g. lutein, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and antheraxanthin (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. Chemical structures of selected carotenoids The polyene chain of carotenoids is responsible for the color of plants and fruits. The length of the chromophore influences the color, for example from the colorless phytoene, via the orange color of ÃŽ ²-carotene to the red of capsaxanthin (due to the increasing number of double bonds). Besides the color, the polyene chain is responsible for the instability against several environmental factors e.g. oxidation, heat and light or oxidizing chemical (Britton et al., 2004). Carotenoid pigments are group of bioactive compounds that are of interest to the food scientists, nutritionists and food industries due to their positive impact on human health and their economic benefits. Carotenoids are responsible for the attractive color of most fruit and vegetables, having diverse biological functions and activities. An extensive number of factors determine the efficient incorporation of these phytochemicals from the diet In particular, an interest in increasing the consumption of carotenoids has been evident since the health effect of carotenoids, e.g. ÃŽ ²-carotene consumption reduces the incidence of some types of cancer, and further evidences were obtained in subsequent studies (Britton et al., 2004). In animals, carotenoid pigments have several important biological activities from nutritional and physiological standpoints. Animals and humans cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo although they can metabolize some of them into vitamin A (retinol). Approximately 10% of carotenoids meet the main structural requirement for acting as vitamin A precursors, i.e., contain a ÃŽ ²-type non-substituted ring, being ÃŽ ²-carotene and ÃŽ ²-cryptoxanthin the most representatives (Fernà ¡ndez-Garcà ­a et al., 2012; Rodriguez-Amaya, 2010). The extensive presence and distribution of carotenoids in nature, where mainly are found in fruits and vegetables (foods that occupy or should occupy an important place in our diet), make carotenoids with provitamin A activity the most important source of retinol. Some groups of people, the vegetarians, even depend almost exclusively on fruits and vegetables as a source of retinol in the form of its precursors. In mammals, therefore, the unique and important b iological function of carotenoids with retinol equivalence is their role as vitamin A precursors, which is necessary for vision, growth, cell differentiation, and other physiological processes (Fernà ¡ndez-Garcà ­a et al., 2012). Data published in the study â€Å"Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995–2005† published by the World Health Organisation in 2009, indicate that 190 million preschool-age children and 19.1 million pregnant women had levels of serum retinol less than 0.7 ÃŽ ¼mol/L, which is the lower limit of normal, and below which is considered a state of vitamin A deficiency. The deficient population is distributed in countries whose gross domestic product (GDP) is less than US$15,000 and in those with 92% of the worlds population (WHO, 2005). Fortification in several foods is one alternative for reducing the vitamin A deficiency (VAD) Unfortunately, in developing countries e.g. in Indonesia potential knowledge to find indigenous plant resources to fulfill provitamin A requirement as essential nutrition have not established enough. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is one of major public health concern in Indonesia. Lack of intake of Vitamin A can cause this VAD and other degenerative disease (Fernà ¡ndez-Garcà ­a et al., 2012). Several biochemical studies have proved that intake of sufficient carotenoids may give a protective effects from several diseases e.g. cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracs, etc (Melà ©ndez-Martà ­nez, Vicario, Heredia, 2007). In Indonesia, several program have been developed to give sufficient intake of pro vitamin A e.g. fortification in several in foods, supplementation and diversification of food which mean finding a new potential provitamin A source (S. G. Berger, de Pee, Bloem, Halati, Semba, 2007; de Pee, West, Muhilal, Karyadi, Hautvast, 1995; Muslimatun et al., 2001; Robert Karyadi, 1988; Wieringa et al., 2003). The vitamin A capsule distribution program in Indonesia was more widely expanded in the 1980s to overcome VAD. Indonesia has one of the strongest vitamin A capsule distribution program for child survival and the intended coverage is for all infants 6-12 months and all preschool children 12-59 month of age. Universal periodic vitamin A supplementation is known as an effective intervention to increase child survival in Indonesia as one of developing country (S. G. Berger et al., 2007). Giving vitamin A to children with measles, serious malnutrition, diarrhea, or other illnesses protects a gainst death and blindness. Besides supplementation, another effort to overcome VAD is fortification. Fortification of foods commonly consumed by children is a viable strategy in developing countries. Margarine, dairy products, sugar, wheat flour, and monosodium glutamate (MSG) have been fortified with vitamin A in different countries. Finally, diversification of vitamin A rich food or provitamin A rich foods is another approach to overcome VAD (Pollard Favin, 1997). Learning from several developed countries, food fortification program has proven an effective and low-cost way to increase the micronutrient supply and reduce the consequences of micronutrient deficiencies. It has been rarely used in the developing world, but general conclusions can be drawn. The biological efficacy, but not the effectiveness, of fortifying oil and hydrogenated oil products as well as cereal flours and meals with vitamin A has been shown. Sugar has been fortified with vitamin A in Central American countries for years, and biological efficacy and program effectiveness are well established. Efficacy of fortifying monosodium glutamate with vitamin A was demonstrated but a program has not been established (Dary Mora, 2002). Fortification with vitamin A in the developing world should satisfy certain elements for success. Firstly, a potential food matrix a food regularly consumed, produced by a few centralized factories, without sensorial changes compared with the nonfortified equivalent, and nutrient remains bioavailable and in a sufficient amount) is required. Second, fortified foods should provide at least 15% of the recommended daily intakes for the target group (e.g., individuals consuming the lowest amount of the fortified food). Third, voluntary fortification of processed foods should be regulated to prevent excessive consumption of vitamin A. Forth, the neighboring countries should harmonize technical standards, facilitate compliance and minimize conflicts over global trade laws. Fifth, a practical monitoring system should be instituted. Six, Social marketing activities should be permanent and aimed at industry, government and consumers. Seven, food fortification should be combined with other stra tegies (e.g., supplementation) to reach those not adequately covered by fortification alone. Infants and small children, whose dietary habits differ from those of adults, require special attention. Fortification of food commodities is a very attractive and economic way to prevent and control vitamin A deficiency. Effective food fortification might make supplementation of postpartum women and older children unnecessary (Dary Mora, 2002). Norisoprenoids Degradation of carotenoids yield to apocarotenoids which can exhibit powerful aroma properties (Winterhalter Rouseff, 2002). Examples of volatile breakdown products of carotenoids are compounds with 13, 11, 10 or 9 carbon atoms, and the terminal group of their carotenoid parent as illustrated in Fig.3. Fig. 3. (a) Formation of (i) 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexene-1-one, (ii) ÃŽ ²-cyclocitral, (iii) dihydroactinidiolide/ DHA and (iv) ÃŽ ²-ionone from ÃŽ ²-carotene; (b) Chemical structures of carotenoid derived aroma compounds with the megastigma structure The C13 compounds are the most abundant carotenoid derived aroma components in nature. They can be divided into: (1) compounds with the megastigmane structure, including the families of ionones and damascones with oxygen at C9 position in ionones or at C7 as in ÃŽ ² -damascenone and (2) compounds with the megastigmane structure without oxygen in the lateral chain, e.g. megastigma-4,6,8-triene (Winterhalter and Rouseff, 2001). 2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexen-1-one, ÃŽ ²-cyclocitral and dihydroactinidiolide (DHA) are examples of C9, C10, C11 norisoprenoids, respectively (Winterhalter and Rouseff, 2001). Carotenoid derived aroma compounds are wide spread in nature where they occur in: (1) leaf products e.g. tea and tabbacco; (2) fruits e.g. grapes, starfruit, quince, and citrus fruits; (3) vegetables e.g. spinach, tomato, melon; (4) spices e.g. saffron, red pepper, and also in essential oils e.g. Osmanthus fragrans, Boronia megastigma, Rosa damascena (Winterhalter Rouseff, 2002). Several carotenoid derived aroma compounds are extremely powerful, e.g. the fruity signature of ÃŽ ²-ionone is recognizable even at concentrations as low as 0.007 ppm, and the rose and raspberry-like aroma of ÃŽ ²-damascenone is recognizable at even lower concentrations of 0.002 ppm (Winterhalter Rouseff, 2002). Volatiles in plants can be beneficial for humans. Recently, damascenone as one of norisoprenoids and related compounds were identified as potential cancer prevention phytochemicals. It was found that these compounds can both up-regulate the phase 2 cytoprotective enzymes and inhibit the induction of pro-inflammatory enzymes (Gerhà ¤user et al., 2009). The damascones and related species showed significantly higher activities than ionones and their derived compounds. Besides damascenone, ÃŽ ²-ionone has been shown to hold potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis induction properties in vitro and in vivo (J.-R. Liu et al., 2004). These results showed that the enzymatic reaction products of carotenoids have a good positive effect for human health that very promising for future application. HS-SPME for Flavor Analysis One of the primary goals in flavor research is to identify several flavor constituent in various sources (Linskens, 1996). The characterization of aroma compounds from natural sources is still a challenge despite the sophisticated techniques now available (Roe, 2005). Flavor components are usually present in a very low concentration (ppm or ppb). In addition, they have a wide range of polarity, solubility, volatility, and thermal and pH stability. The sources may be very complex and cause interference with the isolation techniques. Therefore, there is no single and simple method for the identification of aroma compounds from several natural sources (Roe, 2005). In order to study the flavor, it is first necessary to isolate volatiles from the complex non volatiles material. There are several methods for analysis of volatile constituent in plants and always have been developed from time to time for their efficiency and reproducibility. One of the other popular methods for analysis of volatile constituents in plants are headspace sampling techniques. Headspace sampling is probably the easiest way to capture and detect aroma compounds, since they exist in the space above the sample (Roe, 2005). It is simple and convenient and it has been used for all kinds of materials. It is especially useful for several sources that give of a lot of odor such as flowers and fruit. For samples that do not have odors, gentle heating can be accepted to help the release of volatiles. Due to the fact that these techniques detect highly volatiles compound, these techniques can be used to help to identify compounds that may be hidden in solvent peaks in liquid extra cts. The advantages examples are: (1) simple and quick; (2) solventless technique; (3) low amount of sample; (4) no artifacts are formed and no contaminants introduced (Roe, 2005). Some disadvantages of these techniques as examples are: (1) relative concentration of component in headspace does not reflect the concentration in the sample due to the difference in volatility of aroma compound. This methods can be classified to: (1) static headspace sampling where the sample is put into a sealed headspace vial and left to equal and atmosphere above the sample and (2) dynamic headspace where method the volatiles above the sample are swept away by carrier gas, onto a trap such as TENAX (Roe, 2005). The headspace volatiles are purged by air or nitrogen and are trapped by adsorption on porous polymer traps. Various trapping materials have been used such as charcoal, the Porapak series, the Chromosorb series, and Tenax. In a second step the volatiles are recovered by solvent or heat desorpti on (Linskens, 1996). Sorptive techniques allow rapid and solvent less extraction and pre-concentration of aroma compounds. They are based on the partitioning of organic components between aqueous or vapour phase and thin polymeric films (Roe, 2005). This technique group includes SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction), HSSE (Head Space Sorptive Extraction) and SBSE (Stirrer Bar Sorptive Extraction). SPME has been widely used a fused silica fibre coat with polymer film to collect the volatiles from the sample. In the mean time range of polar, non-polar and mixed fibers are available in the market. The fibre is inserted within a needle which is placed into a SPME holder for sampling and desorbing purposes. The sample is placed in a SPME vial then sealed by a septum cap. Mechanism for Enzymatic Formation of Norisoprenoids Carotenoid derived aroma compounds can be formed via an enzymatic or chemical degradation. The primary oxidative unspecific cleavage can be initiated by peroxides, photo-oxidation, or by thermal degradation (Winterhalter Rouseff, 2002). The specific enzymatic degradation of carotenoids is catalyzed by CCDs (Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases) and leads to the production of particular carotenoid derived aroma that are more environmental friendly which is suitable to the green technology approach. CCDs have the capability to cleave a broad spectrum of carotenoids, leading to the production of carotenoid derived aroma compounds e.g. tomato, maize, rose (Huang, Horvà ¡th, et al., 2009; Simkin, Schwartz, Auldridge, Taylor, Klee, 2004; Vallabhaneni, Bradbury, Wurtzel, 2010) In rose, CCD has the potential to cleave different substrates specifically at 9,10 (9`-10`) double bonds (Fig. 6) (Huang et al., 2009). Fig.4. Cleavage sites and volatile reaction products of recombinant RdCCD1 enzymes from Rosa damascena Aims The aim of this research is to investigate the carotenoid profiles in pandan leaves, the flavor compounds which is derived from carotenoids and the mechanism of flavor compounds from carotenoids in pandan leaves. The results from this research could be useful for studying the chemical and biochemical characteristics of flavor formation from carotenoids in model plant e.g. pandan leaves. In detail the objectives of the research are explained point by point bellow : Characteristic of carotenoids in pandan leaves by RP-HPLC (Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography) Characteristic of flavor profile in pandan leaves by HS-SPME GC-MS (Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry) Carotenoid Cleavage Activities by crude enzymes from Pandan Leaves including the characterization of enzyme activity in different carotenoid substrates, optimum pH and optimum temperature. References Baldermann, S. (2008). Carotenoid oxygenases from Camellia sinensis, Osmanthus fragrans, and Prunus persica nucipersicaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: kinetics and structure. Gà ¶ttingen: Cuvillier. Baldermann, S., Kato, M., Kurosawa, M., Kurobayashi, Y., Fujita, A., Fleischmann, P., Watanabe, N. (2010). Functional characterization of a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 and its relation to the carotenoid accumulation and volatile emission during the floral development of Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(11), 2967–77. doi:10.1093/jxb/erq123 Baldermann, S., Mulyadi, A. N., Yang, Z., Murata, A., Fleischmann, P., Winterhalter, P., †¦ Watanabe, N. (2011). Application of centrifugal precipitation chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography equipped with a spiral tubing support rotor for the isolation and partial characterization of carotenoid cleavage-like enzymes in Enteromorpha compressa . Journal of Separation Science, 34(19), 2759–64. doi:10.1002/jssc.201100508 Baldermann, S., Naim, M., Fleischmann, P. (2005). Enzymatic carotenoid degradation and aroma formation in nectarines (Prunus persica). Third International Congress on Pigments in Food Third International Congress on Pigments in Food, 38(8–9), 833–836. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2005.02.009 Bechoff, A., Dhuique-Mayer, C., Dornier, M., Tomlins, K. I., Boulanger, R., Dufour, D., Westby, A. (2010). Relationship between the kinetics of ÃŽ ²-carotene degradation and formation of norisoprenoids in the storage of dried sweet potato chips. Food Chemistry, 121(2), 348–357. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.035 Behrendt, D. (2011). Directed Evolution of Arabidopsis thaliana Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 1. RWTH Aachen University. Berger, R. G. (2009). Biotechnology of flavours—the next generation. Biotechnology Letters

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Continental Philosophy’s Existentialism and Phenomenology Essay

Various identifiable schools of thought such as: existentialism, phenomenology, hermeneutics, deconstruction, and critical theory can be found within Continental philosophy. Existentialism and phenomenology can be traced back to the 19th century and to the pre-Socratics. A few of the main themes from existentialism are:  ·Traditional and academic philosophy is sterile and remote from the concerns of real life.  ·Philosophy must focus on the individual in her or hi confrontation with the world.  ·The world is absurd, in the sense that no ultimate explanation can be given for why it is the way it is.  ·Senselessness, emptiness, triviality, separation, and inability to communicate pervade human existence, giving birth to anxiety, dread, self-doubt, and despair.  ·The individual confronts, as the most important fact of human existence, the necessity to choose how he or she is to live within this absurd and irrational world. Many of these themes were introduced by Arthur Schopenhauer, Soren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Kierkegaard emphasized the individual and especially the individual’s will and need to make important choices. Georg Hegel rejected the concept of the â€Å"thing-in-itself† and held that all reality is the expression of thought or reason. Reality, for Hegel, is not a group of independent particulars or states of affairs, but rather like a coherent thought system such as mathematics it is an integrated whole in which each proposition is logically connected with all the rest. Where Hegel was abstract to a degree rarely found outside mathematics, Kierkgaard was concerned with how and what the individual actually chooses in the face of doubt and uncertainty. One contributor to Continental philosophy was Friedrich Nietzche. Nietzche disagreed with all of Hegel’s theories of idealism. He believed the world is driven and determined by the will-to-power. He also believed we have no access to absolute truth and that there are not facts, only interpretations. There were several existentialists in the 19th and 20th centuries. Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre, Gabriel Marcel and Simone de Beauvoir in France, Karl Jaspers in Switzerland, Martin Heidegger in Germany, Miguel de Unamuno and Jose Ortega y Gasset in Spain, and Nicola Abbagnano in Italy. Two philosophers I want to discuss are Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. Camus did not understand why the human race spent their lives in despair and grief but were always optimistic about living. He believed there is no ultimate reason that things are the way they are and that we must make choices and decide how to act in a valueless world and absurd world. This is called â€Å"existential predicament. † Even though Camus asked himself, â€Å"Is there any reason not commit suicide? † he regarded suicide as unacceptable. Rebelling against the absurdity and tragedy of life would possibly give life meaning and value. Sartre was a man that thought God did not exist and that man was â€Å"abandoned. † According to Sartre, the non-existence of God has four philosophical implications. First, there is no maker of man, so there is such thing as human nature. The person must produce his or her own essence, because no God created human beings in accordance with a divine concept. Second, since there is no God, there is no reason why things are the way they are not some other way. A human being has â€Å"being-for-itself†, which means that a human being is a conscious subject that creates its own future. Third, man is â€Å"condemned to be free. † Nothing forces us to do what we do, so therefore, we cannot excuse our actions by saying there were circumstances for what we did. Forth, there is no objective standard for values. Since it is a Godless world, we must come up with our own values. To Sartre, creating our own values is a great responsibility for mankind. To find meaning in our lives, we must create our values by making authentic choices. Edmund Husserl was the first great phenomenologist. Phenomenology comes from structures found within conscious experience. Phenomena are the structures that manifest themselves on the assumptions and presuppositions of science. They are thought of as the way a thing is immediately experienced and the way it â€Å"is. † Phenomenology is a way to explore the conscious experience with out making any metaphysical assumptions. Husserl investigated phenomena without making assumptions about the world. This is called transcendental phenomenology. Martin Heidegger also wanted to see things without presumptions, but he was not convinced by Husserl’s theory of phenomena; he believed the source of seeing things this way was Being itself. Heidegger’s theory was that humans are caught up in their own ideas and Being has been reduced to a world of â€Å"objects† dominated by humans through their own logics. Humans are basically ignorant to the true nature of Being. Emmanuel Levinas is mainly responsible for introducing phenomenology into France. He had an influence on many other philosophers. His theories centered on the sense of being aware of what and how we humans exist in the world. He believed, unlike Heidegger, that philosophy began with the experiences of our otherness, and God exists as an Absolute Otherness that can never be breached. He did not agree with the theory of Being because that would make the Other a mere object for consciousness. References

Sunday, November 10, 2019

A History of the World in 6 Glasses

A History of the World in 6 Glasses by Tom Standage is a non-fiction historical novel, whose main purpose is to show the surprisingly pervasive influence of certain drinks on the course of history. Then it takes the reader on a journey through time to show the history of mankind through the lens of beverages. The thesis of the novel is that through history certain specialty beverages have affected more than just the diet of people and changed political aspects, economic standings, religious ceremonies and social views throughout human history. Standage clearly favors the subject written about and offers no information or analysis to disprove the thesis of the novel. Tom Standage is an author of 3 other novels, which are also historic analyses, which support his information and research provided in this book. Standage’s professional background gives novel its authority. A History of the World in 6 Glasses is broken down into six sections, one for each drink, the first of which is beer. Man's first civilizations where founded after the adoption of farming and the domestication of cereal grains. This improvement in lifestyle helped the â€Å"emergence of administrators, scribes, and craftsmen.† [1] Not only did beer nourish man’s first civilizations, but also â€Å"their wages and rations were paid in bread and beer.† [2] Wine, the next beverage, played a major role in the flourishing Greek and Roman cultures. Wine initiated vast seaborne trade, which spread their philosophy, politics, and literature. The book points out how these advancements originated and grew at formal Greek drinking parties. The Romans, who absorbed much of Greek culture, continued the strong use of wine. After the middle ages, Europe was awakened by the discovery of ancient knowledge, safeguarded by Arab scholars. The Age of Exploration/Colonial Period was improved by the knowledge of distillation, which made new drinks. The novel describes how these condensed forms of alcohol (Brandy, Rum etc.) were so popular, especially in the American colonies, that â€Å"they played a key role in the establishment of the United States.† [3] The fourth beverage presented is coffee. Coffee quickly became the drink of intellect and industry being known to sharpen the mind. Taverns were replaced with a more sophisticated meeting place, the coffeehouse. These â€Å"led to the establishment of scientific societies and financial institutions, the founding of newspapers, and provided fertile ground for revolutionary thought.† [4] Once established as England's national drink, tea imports from first China and India led to massive trade. The book describes the power of the British East India Company, which â€Å"generated more revenue than the British government and ruled over far more people,† wielding more power than any other corporation in history. [5] This imbalance of power had an enormous effect on British foreign policy, and led to the independence of the U.S. Like most of the drinks discussed in this novel, Coca-Cola was originally devised as a medical drink. More than any other product, Coca-Cola has stood as the symbol of America's â€Å"vibrant consumer capitalism.† [4] Rather than shrink at the challenge, Coca-Cola took full advantage of the challenging times it found itself in, gaining ground through the depression, and then traveling alongside our soldiers into WWII, becoming a global phenomenon. A History of the World in 6 Glasses is very useful and beneficial to the AP World History curriculum. In a teaching course, the teacher could assign a chapter of reading as homework in each unit. For example, the beer chapter would be in Unit 1, wine at the end of Unit 1 or beginning of Unit 2. Spirits and Coffee could be assigned in Unit 3, Tea in Unit 4, and Coca-Cola in Unit 4 and 5. Teaching the kids through a different view of the world would be its unique contribution to the program. Tom Standage, the author, was successful in proving his thesis throughout the novel. The thesis is clearly stated in the introduction, then supported throughout each chapter and then reiterated in the epilogue. There was plenty of evidence in the book, including quotes, poems, statistics pictures, maps etc. The book was not bogged down in a specific part, though it sometimes went into too much detail of the process of making the beverage. I have to confess that when I first picked up A History of the World in 6 Glasses, I did not expect to enjoy it. Firstly, I was wondering how a book could to sum up world history in less than 300 pages. Second, I do not drink 4 of the 6 beverages discussed in this book. Therefore, I was not keen on learning about their histories. However, I quickly learned that this book is more than just how and when these 6 drinks were made, but how it affected our modern world. A History of the World in 6 Glasses makes it clear that the history of mankind is a history of our consumption. Whether we are pondering revolution in a Coffeehouse in Paris or throwing tea leafs into the ocean in Boston, these drinks have had an impact on who we are. I highly recommend this book to anyone thirsty for knowledge! As Standage says, â€Å"They survive in our homes today as living reminders of bygone eras, fluid testaments to the forces that shaped the modern world. Uncover their origins, and you may never look at your favorite drink in quite the same way again.† [6]

Friday, November 8, 2019

The eNotes Blog Remembering Ray Bradbury

Remembering Ray Bradbury Image via Pasadena Museum of History My tunes and numbers are here. They have filled my years, the years when I refused to die. And in order to do that I wrote, I wrote, I wrote, at noon or 3:00 am. So as not to be dead. (from  The Illustrated Man) Credited as the writer most responsible for bringing modern science fiction into the literary mainstream,  Ray Bradbury shot to recognition unlike most writerswith his best-known work. But the dystopian novel that catapulted him to fame had humble beginnings, in a study room in UCLAs Powell Library. Having just graduated high school in the midst of the Great Depression and unable to attend college, Bradbury wasnt on the UCLA campus to study. Or at least not in the traditional sense. The writer spent at least three days a week at the facility for ten years and in that hall of books found an education for himself that no college or university could have given him. In return he gave us The Fireman, a short work set in a futuristic society where books are banned and destroyed by government agencies. When the story was later expanded and published under its new title,  Farenheit 451, the entire cost of writing the novel came to $9.80the amount it cost Bradbury to rent a library typewriter during the books (and his) most formative years. To date it is one of the highest acclaimed works of science fiction in the world. Yet throughout his career the author rebelled against being labeled a science fiction writer, claiming his work existed in realms far from reality: Ive only done one science fiction book and thats  Fahrenheit 451, based on reality. It was named so to represent the temperature at which paper ignites. Science fiction is a depiction of the real. Fantasy is a depiction of the unreal. So  Martian Chronicles  is not science fiction, its fantasy. It couldnt happen, you see? Thats the reason its going to be around a long time  - because its a  Greek myth, and myths have staying power. And it seems that our memories of Bradbury stay true to that notion; he will be remembered by all whove encountered his work as one of the most imaginative, creative, and influential artists, not only one of the most widely read authors, of his generation. His grandson speaks for all of his fans in saying, His legacy lives on in his monumental body of books, film, television and theater, but more importantly, in the minds and hearts of anyone who read him, because to read him was to know him. He was the biggest kid I know. Bradburys passing is truly a loss to the world of fiction. He was a master in his craft and it makes me happy to know that with Fahrenheit 451  so prevalently taught in school, new generations will discover his work for decades to come. But I also feel that Bradbury himself must have felt the world was too much with him at the end of his long and celebrated life. In some ways we have entered the future he never wanted to come true; for despite his often prescient predictions for the world, the author once stated I wasn’t trying to predict the future,  I was trying to prevent it.† Now that the future has arrived, the world is still better for the lessons Bradbury has taught us through his career. It reminds us all to live imaginatively, to cherish literature, to tread carefully into this brave new future, and to visit our local libraries more than once in a while. Image via OTIS Bradburys tombstone reads simply, at his request, Author of  Fahrenheit  451. To learn more about the authors life and his work, check out the Ray Bradbury biography on .

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Keys to Success in Cross

Keys to Success in Cross Background of the Project The emerging technologies have turned the world into a global village, and many firms are struggling to find ways of expanding their global operations. International marketing strategies have become integral parts of strategic management as firms try to understand the nature of the environment in the international markets. The luxury industry is one of the oldest industries in the world.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Keys to Success in Cross-Border Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many companies offering luxurious products have been struggling to expand their operations to the international markets as a way of expanding their market share. Donia Allegue is one of the emerging luxury products that have been rapidly expanding over the recent past. This is one of the first Parisian turban designers that target high-end consumers in Europe. Started in February 2012, this fashi on designer has experienced massive success in the recent past in France. However, the management must understand that the international market has some characteristics that are different from the home market in France. According to Ricca and Robins (2012, p. 67), â€Å"Cultural differences affect the nature and pattern of status-directed consumption.† Sometimes a product that is valuable to one group may be abhorred because of the cultural backgrounds. This is specifically so when it comes to the apparel industry. When planning to move to the international market, the marketing unit of Donia Allegue must realize that the international market may require different approaches in order to ensure that the operations of the firm are in line with the cultural needs of the local customers. Research Questions When conducting a research project, it is always important to set specific research questions that would define the path to be taken when collecting data. Research questions al ways offer a guideline of the type of data to be collected. This helps in avoiding time wastage by collecting irrelevant information. The following are some of the research questions that will guide the process of collecting data. What is the impact of cultural and religious factors in defining the consumption of luxurious products? Is it necessary for a firm like Donia Allegue to modify its products based on the cultural and religious factors? When is it necessary for a firm in the luxurious industry to consider that it has the capacity to enter a market that has different cultural practices from that of the home country? The above three questions will form the basis of this project. Responding to the above questions will help determine the impact of cultural and religious practices on the luxurious industry. It will define when it is necessary for a firm to make an entry into a foreign market. Importance of the Project According to Wiedmann (2013, p. 112), there has been a consi stent rise in the number of people into the upper and middle class in various countries across the world. In the United States and Europe, the number of people falling in the upper class has been on the rise. On the other hand, China, Brazil, India, and Africa have had a consistent rise in the number of people falling in the middle class.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that the target market for luxurious products is rapidly on the rise. There are more people who can afford expensive products in the world market today, than it was in the past. Firms offering luxurious products have, therefore, been under pressure to expand their market operations beyond the national borders as a way of tapping into the expanding market. This research seeks to identify the best approach that these firms can use in order to expand their market share. The researcher appreciates the fact that cultural and religious factors may affect the internalization process of luxury companies. This research is very important because it sheds light on the approach that a firm should take when moving to the international markets. It explains the cultural trends in the market, and how firms such as Donia Allegue should define their products in a way that would enable them operate in the international market. The project seeks to inform these firms that what may be appealing to the French consumers may not be very successful in the market in Saudi Arabia (Okonkwo 2010, p. 76). This is so because of the difference in the cultural and religious practices in the two countries. From this research, these firms operating in luxurious products will be in a better position to formulate strategies that can enable them to operate in markets with varying socio-cultural dimensions. Academic Literatures Research is a continuous process that involves gathering new informati on in order to expand the existing knowledge in a given field. According to Samli (2013, p. 40), it is wrong for one to claim that he or she is conducting research from a scratch. There are always some existing literatures that are related to the topic in one way or the other. A research can on only be important if it brings new knowledge on a given topic. Duplication of the existing knowledge in a new piece of research may not be of any use. It is, therefore, important for the researcher to appreciate the body of the existing literatures in order to identify what other scholars have found out from their research. With this information, the researcher will need to identify the research gaps in the existing literatures. The researcher will determine the areas that other scholars ignored, areas that they recommended further research, or those that have a contradiction despite being widely published. This way, the new research will be exploring new information in order to expand the kn owledge that already exists in the literatures.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Keys to Success in Cross-Border Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many scholars have conducted massive research on the impact of cultural and religious practices on the international trade. According to Belk (2010, p. 61), many firms have failed in their internationalization processes because of misunderstanding the cultural practices of a new market. This scholar gives an example of Victoria’s Secret that specializes on the lingerie. This firm had experienced massive success in Europe and American markets. It saw a big opportunity in the Middle East Market and made the decision to make its first entry in the region by establishing a store in Bahrain. However, the decision to use models who were only wearing the lingerie was a disastrous move in a society that holds strict principles about the dress code of women. The product was met by an immediate rejection as it was considered a direct attack on the cultural and religious practices of the locals. The scholar says that the firm was almost forced out of the Kuwaiti market. The management had to restructure itself, eliminate the brands that had earned negative publicity and replace them with new products. The firm had to reinvent its brand in this market in order to manage the hostility in the market. This is an ordeal that a firm such as Donia Allengue should not be subjected to in its internationalization process. The impact of socio-cultural factors on the purchasing pattern of luxurious products is an area that scholars have given massive focus in the recent past. However, there are some contradictions on the existing literatures. While some scholars argue that some luxurious products are beyond the influence of culture and religion, other scholars hold that every cultural practices is a strong force that cannot be ignored by any industry . For instance, Okonkwo (2007, p. 89) says that some of the top-of-the-range cars such as Mercedes Benz and BMW are always advertised using models who are casually dressed. This has never affected their sales in Middle East where strict principles about dress code are always observed. However, the case of Victoria’s Secret is completely different from this. In this project, the researcher will try to identify the truth as to whether some luxurious products are beyond cultural influence. It is from the first reading of these existing literatures that the researcher was able to define the research questions discussed above.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How to Answer Research Questions In every research, there must be the logical methods that are used to collect and analyze data in response to the set research questions. The methodology chosen for a research must be sensitive of the resources available for the research, including time and finance. It must also take into consideration the nature of the research (Kapferer Bastien 2012, p. 53). In this project, the data in response to the research questions will be collected from the primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of data will be collected from a firm that offers luxurious products through e-mail and phone interviews. This process is considered appropriate because it eliminates the geographic barrier. The secondary data will be gathered from books, journals, and other reliable online sources of information. Analysis of the data will be conducted quantitatively to come up with the empirical facts about the issue under investigation. Data collected must respond dire ctly to the questions set in this proposal. The responses will be presented in graphs, tables and charts for clarity. Project Plan Project planning is an important stage because it describes specific activities that should be carried out, the time allocations, and how the financial resources will be spent. The Gantt chart below shows some of the important activities in this project, and their timeline. Timeline of the Activities in Project As shown in the above Gantt chart, this process is expected to take eight weeks to be completed. Each of the activities has a set timeline, but some of them can be completed within a shorter period. Collection of primary and secondary data and their analysis will be the main objectives in this project. The final document should be an informative report that incorporates the views of many scholars, and the sentiments of the individuals interviewed when collecting primary data. List of References Belk, R 2010, Research in consumer behavior, Emerald , Bingley. Kapferer, J Bastien, V 2012, The luxury strategy: Break the rules of marketing to build luxury brands, Kogan Page, London. Okonkwo, U 2007, Luxury fashion branding: Trends, tactics, techniques, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Okonkwo, U 2010, Luxury online: Styles, strategies, systems, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Ricca, M Robins, R 2012, Meta-luxury: Brands and the culture of excellence, Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Samli, A 2013, International consumer behavior in the 21st century: Impact on marketing strategy development, Springer, New York. Wiedmann, K 2013, Luxury marketing: A challenge for theory and practice, Gabler, Wiesbaden.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Exam 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam 3 - Assignment Example African-American music is derived from the characteristically polyrhythmic music of Africa’s ethnic groups, in particular those in the Sub-Saharan, Sahelean, and Western regions. African oral traditions encourage the use of music to relay messages, ease suffering, teach lessons, and convey history, which are key features of African-American music. The African pedigree of African-American music is apparent in some common features: Complex multi-part harmony, melisma, the use of falsetto, blue notes, swung notes, improvisation, percussion, syncopation, and call and response (Www.blackartdepot.com). When it comes to music, the use of soprano voices is usually associated with women; it is uniquely ‘female’. Although nowadays a lot of male can come up with soprano in their music, it is still considered feminine. There are a lot of female artists who do this e.g. Beyonce, Mariah Carey etc. Another feature is in film and visual arts, where long hair, weaves, or braided hair are considered uniquely feminine. In a lot of movies, it is the women who have plaited hair. It is a feminine feature, even though; some men have plaited hair in films and movies. 6. Since much of postmodern literature, architecture, and art are considered â€Å"funny,† explain why humor and parody appear so essential to postmodern expression. Provide examples to defend your point of view. When it comes to humor and parody, is the inclination of postmodern culture, theorists, and artists, to be parodic or playful. Certainly, films or shows will frequently step outside of representation that is mimetic all in all so as to make themselves humorous in mid-stride. Hutcheon explained that Parody- often called ironic intertextuality, appropriation, pastiche, or quotation—is frequently regarded as being essential to postmodernism expressions, both by its defenders and detractors. While the vital concern, of

Friday, November 1, 2019

The impact of law and legislation on Close Protection Essay

The impact of law and legislation on Close Protection - Essay Example The training programme for the licensing of CPOs includes various areas of focus like first aid, health and safety communications, conflict management, and knowledge of the relevant legislation, among others. (The Katana Specialist Security website) An important part of this training deals with familiarizing the CPO with various aspects of law that are significant to his/her field of work. This paper will focus on these legislations that impact the work of a CPO. The paper will first will discuss the role of CPOs and the various aspects of civil and criminal law that have a direct relevance to their work. Some of the relevant laws that will be dealt with include the Human Rights Act, the Data Protection Act and the Health and Safety Act, the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971 and the Public Entertainment License (Drugs Misuse) Act 1997, The paper will also deal with several issues pertaining to the responsibilities of a CPO. Some of the aspects include the 'use of force', and ensuring the maintenance and practice of safety systems. Another key aspect covered is dealing with drugs and drug addicts. The paper will conclude with a discussion of how a CPO is in a position of great responsibility and why the knowledge of relevant legislations can make a significant difference to the performance of a CPO. The Security Industry Authority states that the purpose of Close Protection ... The first prerequisite is an understanding of the various aspects of the civil and criminal laws. The CPO must always act within the limitations set by these laws. The Human Rights Act of 1998 is perhaps the most important and fundamental among the laws of significance to a CPO. Article 2 of Chapter 42 of this act deals with the 'Right to Life'. A CPO must understand that his/her prerogative is to protect life as specified by this law. A basic understanding of what comprises criminal law is also important for a CPO. Several acts are classified as 'crimes' under the criminal law. The definition of these is very significant, as the nature and seriousness of these offences are varied. A petty theft is less serious and a 'minor' crime, when compared to rape or murder. (University of London External Programme) In the context of his/her responsibilities, it is essential for a CPO to understand the definition, nature and impact of several acts of crime like theft, burglary, aggravated burglary, and robbery. Offenses like obtaining property by deception, intent to endanger life, and holding offensive weapons are also crimes that could have serious consequences. The CPO must understand the significance of his/her role when dealing with such crimes, and must take care to act within the boundaries of the law. In the course of duty, the CPO may be faced with situations when the use of force is essential. To keep within the limits of the law, he/she must remember the specifications in the Human Rights Act of 1998, which state that force can be used under circumstances where it is 'more than absolutely necessary'. Section 3 the Criminal Law of 1967 deals in detail with the issue

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Proper Patient Record- in Diabetes-Health Informatics topic Essay

Proper Patient Record- in Diabetes-Health Informatics topic - Essay Example It also seeks to look at the various effective ways which hospitals and related institutions can store such records. It is important that they keep health records using reliable methods so that they ensure reliability of the data and easy retrieval of the same. Health informatics deals with ways of storing, retrieving and using information related to health and biomedicine. It has tools that are used in achieving storage and use of the data like computers, information systems and medical terms among others. Health informatics is also known as Health information systems. Areas of application include nursing and in public health. There are international standards that have been set regarding health informatics to ensure a standardized way of medical informatics(Joslin & Kahn 2005). The compiling and maintaining of Diabetes records is the responsibility of health care providers or an officer kept in charge of the duty. Using computers and technology has been the best way to store data of patients in medicine all over the world. Electronic health records is the most reliable and accurate way of storing data because computers are more accurate than humans. Health institutions do not longer store records of patients manually like before the emergence of technology(Whetton, 2005). Manual records like files have higher risks of having errors due to wrong entry of data unlike the electronic method. It is for this reason that using modern technology in medicine is encouraged. The United States department for health is encouraging health institutions to migrate to the use of electronic means to store data. They are doing so by providing incentives for moving to electronic systems. It is also important that confidentiality of the information given by patients is maintained in health informatics.Such information is considered

Monday, October 28, 2019

Military Rules & Regulations Essay Example for Free

Military Rules Regulations Essay There are many types of leaders in the military. To be specific, there are five different people(s) that take part in leading the Army. They are as follows (from highest point of responsibility to lowest); the SA (Army Staff) and CSA (Chief of Staff), the Vice CSA, the DCS G-1 (Deputy Chief of Staff), the HQDA (Headquarters Department of the Army) Heads of other staffing support, and commissioned officers/NCOs. In completeness, the Army Staff all take care of how we as soldiers are supposed to behave to each other, as well as civilians, and the duties we are to uphold. LDRSHIP was put into place to give us a basic idea of these responsibilities. The CSA makes sure that the leadership is keeping soldiers ready to perform their jobs effectively and aptly. The Vice CSA advises the CSA of what needs to be done in improving the Army, through the recommendations from the Well-Being GOSC (General Officer[s] Steering Committee) and oversees the rest of the Army Staff. The DCS G-1 leads the Well-Being GOSC by; creating their agenda, bringing in staff and administrators, and guaranteeing these staff are well organized and disciplined in their decisions of the Army’s well-being. The HQDA staff does much of the same thing the Well-Being GOSC does, by supporting the policies, plans, and initiatives to improve the Army’s overall prosperity. The last of the leadership charged with improving our lives, as soldiers and moral, as well as maintaining an order of things, are the commissioned and non-commissioned officers. They help our mental, physical, and spiritual health’s are brought to their peak level. They also help our families to have as much of the same benefits and living circumstances as we soldiers have. As soldiers, we are to be disciplined and handle our duties with respect to the rules and regulations put into place by our above leaders. In the case of CQ, I am to always maintain the Army standard. I understand that one of the biggest of these responsibilities is to keep soldiers from roaming outside of their rooms after bed check. This is for safety purposes for those soldiers, as well as for our sake’s as CQ runners. If we cannot maintain proper order over the barracks, we are to immediately report to the duty NCO, letting him/her take over the situation. We are also required to report any happenings on the CQ log, including deliveries, maintenance calls (COX Communications, etc.), drunken personnel, and the duties we have performed (cleaning, hall inspections) throughout our shift. We are to be self-disciplined enough to know what we can and cannot handle and ensure that we have options to take if we can’t take care of an incident. Since being on CQ is a specific order, we are to make sure that all of those duties aforementioned are followed and fulfilled. We also need to be disciplined in the aspect of our attire, and our appearance. This means we are required to wear whatever the commander specifies we wear on CQ, in a clean and tidy fashion. AR 600-25 explains all of the dos and don’ts of saluting, and honoring and visiting personnel. CQ may not be the immediate first person to see entering/exiting commanders or NCOs (but should be), but the first person to do so should call the group to Attention/At-Ease depending on the enterer. This is where the CQ personnel should have the attention to their surroundings to know when a ranking official is already present or leaving, or a higher-ranking official is entering or exiting. Since we are supposed to be making rounds to check the integrity of our area of work, especially after bed check, if we see an official of officer status, we need to give the proper gesture and remark, depending on the official’s rank and the time of the incident. In situations where we know of events going on, such as reveille and retreat, but we are at our post, we do not have the right to salute, but if we are outside in any area, we need to immediately halt our actions and salute towards the playing. We, as soldiers are to keep well trimmed in our appearance at all times. This includes wearing the proper uniform when required. Mismatching uniforms is not allowed. If we do not, our commander and/or NCO can give us punishment for our actions in consistency with the Army regulations. If a soldier does something outside of military jurisdiction that is unacceptable to civilian rules, the punishment comes from the civilian law enforcement. On top of that, though, the military, depending on the situation, will determine the harshness of ITS punishment as well. This goes so far to say that happenings, such as drinking, may be legal at age 21, but if you drive and are caught by any law enforcement, military or civilian, it is grounds for at least an Article 15 and ASAP (Army Substance and Abuse Program) training, and possible chaptering if there are multiple offences. If there are no law enforcement present to oversee a situation, any senior ranking official can take information on the soldier and give it the that soldiers commander, and should without any hesitation. Last of all, if there are no senior officials to take care of the situation, the peers of the subject should have the responsiveness to stop the soldier from doing acts against Army regulations. In this, anyone can and is required to report anything military personnel do that could be chargeable under UCMJ (Uniform Code of Military Justice). On CQ, as a female, you are not allowed to go into any of the male barracks. As a male on CQ, we are to stop any female who attempts to go to a male part of the barracks. If we are not able to do so, we need, as stated above, to report it immediately to the official on duty at that moment. Then, that official will take action as to what will happen to the individual who was reported in the wrong. Military authority should be done with most of the acronym LDRSHIP in mind (Personal Courage shouldn’t be a factor). It should be fair and not over the top. I thank you for the opportunity to do extra duties and this essay, rather than going to an Article 15. Since I now know the rules I am to follow while in the military, and especially while on duty as a CQ runner.