Is Man Naturally Evil Essay Example for Free

Is Man Natur each(prenominal)y Evil EssayHsn Tzu says that macrocosms temper is naturally brutal. Hsn Tzu wrote Mans Nature is Evil in the year 300 BCE. Tzu thought that servicemans nature is naturally malevolent and involve to be taught by a teacher to overcome this. He Mencius has non completely understood what mans nature really is. Tzu too turn overs that if a man wishs something in himself that they go to look for whatever they lack in someone else. The last thing he talks around is how to differentiate between even off(a) and vileness. Hsn Tzus belief that mans nature is naturally evil is partially true, he does not study in Menciuss view whatsoever, Tzu recalls that man looks for those attributes that he does not impart in other wad, and he also expresses the diversion between advantageously and evil. Tzus reasons apply to people in current day life because when people atomic number 18 born they do not know right from wrong, and I believe he is right w hen he says people look for attributes they lack themselves in others roughly them.Mans nature is naturally evil according to Hsn Tzu therefore man needs a teacher to guide him towards what is reasoned. Tzu states in his writing, A warped piece of wood must look until it has been laid against the straightening board, steamed, and forced into shape before it can become straight a piece of blustering metal must wait until it has been whetted on a grindstone before it can become sharp (pg. 101). When Mencius is talking intimately this quote it convey that a person does not start their life being the lay human being.Everyone needs a teacher, leader, or mentor to show him or her the right and good vogue of doing things. When a person grows up without having some to look over them and guide them in the right oversight they whitethorn start to go into the wrong direction. People need that mentor there to economic aid them when they do not know what the right thing to may be. The n Hsn Tzu says, Hence, today any man who takes to heart the instructions of his teacher, applies himself to his studies, and abides by ritual principles may become a gentleman, but anyone who gives free rein to his emotional nature, is content to indulge his passions, and disregards ritual principles becomes a petty man (pg. 101).This statement by Tzu means that every man should listen to every word that his or her mentor gives them and never forget them. These words of advice that a persons teacher gives them ar going to help them achieve all of their goals for the proportion of their lives. These wisewords from the mentors bequeath declare a man become good for the rest of their life. Hsn Tzu also states that if a man does not listen to the words of their mentor they leave alone never be able to know what being good chances like.These people will live their entire lives going towards evil and will never be able to change it without the help of a mentor. I run with Tzu on this topic because if it was not for our teachers and mentors people would be causing trouble all of the time. Hsn Tzu does not agree with Menciuss thought on this subject matter. Tzu states that, Mencius states that man is capable of learning because his nature is good, but I say that is wrong. It indicates that he has not really understood mans nature nor distinguished between the basic nature and conscious activity (pg. 101).Tzu explains basic nature as something that is just given to you by heaven when you are born. On the other hand, conscious activity is the things that are taught to people and that they learn from their mentors. The management Hsn Tzu explains basic nature and conscious activity is, That part of man which cannot be learned or acquired by effort is called the nature that part of him which can be acquired by learning and brought to completion by effort is called activity. This is the difference between nature and conscious activity (pg. 101).Hsn Tzu speaks abo ut how man does not have every quality, but he will strive to get as many qualities as he can no matter what the circumstances are. Tzu makes a statement that says, A man whose accomplishments are meager longs for neatness an ugly man longs for beauty a man in cramped living quarters longs for greatness a poor man longs for wealth a humble man longs for eminence. Whatever a man lacks in himself he will seek outside. But if a man is already rich, he will not long for wealth, and if he is already eminent, he will not long for greater power.What a man already possesses himself he will not bother to look for outside (pg. 103). When Hsn Tzu says this he means that when someone does not have a quality that they want or may need they go and try to take that quality they are seeking from another person. I believe this happens because people are hazardous about themselves and need to take things from others to make themselves feel good about themselves. Tzu the says, Hence, man in the stat e in which he is born neither possesses nor checks ritual principles. If he does notpossess ritual principles, his behavior will be chaotic, and if he does not understand them, he will be wild and irresponsible.In fact, therefore, man in the state in which he is born possesses this magnetic dip towards chaos and irresponsibility (pg. 103). This is showing that Tzu thinks when a person is born they do not yet understand what ritual principles are and they believe they can do anything they want to do. Hsn Tzu then follows this by saying, From this it is obvious, then, that mans nature is evil, and that his goodness is the result of conscious activity (pg. 103).I completely agree with Tzus theory on this concept because I believe this is the reason why some people feel the need to bully others. Hsn Tzu then talks about the distinction between good and evil. Tzu says, totally men in the world, past and present, agree in defining goodness as that which is upright, reasonable, and orde rly, and evil as that which is prejudiced, irresponsible, and chaotic (pg.103). Hsn defines the difference between being good and being evil. The route to be good in Tzus head is be accepting of other thoughts even if they do not make complete sense.I believe Tzu means that to be good people need to give everyone a chance no matter what their thoughts are. Tzu then goes on to talk about being evil. I believe that from what Tzu says being evil is judging a person by how he or she looks. Another way of being evil that I got out of this is that if someone does something wrong they try to go and blame it on someone else.Another thing that Hsn Tzu says is, Therefore, in ancient times the sages, realizing that mans nature is evil, that it is prejudiced and not upright, irresponsible and lacking in order, for this reason established the authority of the ruler to envision it, elucidated ritual principles to transform it, set up laws and standards to correct it, and meted out strict punish ments to restrain it (pg. 104). This is a great statement mad by Tzu because it explains that without people leading us we would resort to doing all things evil.The sages knew that mans nature was evil so they set up laws and rulers to restrict people from being evil and fashioning them resort to being good. In my own life I had to be taught the difference between good and evil. I was born not knowing the difference between the two. My parents were a huge part of article of faith me the difference between being good and not being evil. They were they to tell me when I was doing something wrong. After they told me that I did something wrong they would unceasingly try and helpme correct it to the best of their ability.I also had all of my teachers development up there to teach me things about being good that my parents did not teach me. I also had positive role models to look up to and hope to achieve what they did when I was growing up. I always wanted to be like Derek Jeter when I was growing up as a kid. He was my biggest inspiration out of any famous sports star. He was just a regular kid like me, and with the help of his parents, teachers, and role models he got to where he is today. Now he is a role model and inspiration for children all over the world. I believe that Hsn Tzus theory that what a man does not have in himself in looks for in others is a very true theory.I believe this has a dower to do with bullying. When a person bullies another human being I would say it is because they are insecure about themselves. The bullying of another helps that person feel more complete and better about him or herself. This is also another reason why we need teachers they help us avoid doing this type of thing. Teachers are always going to be there to tell a person to stop doing something like this and correct them. In conclusion, I completely agree with Hsn Tzus ideas. Mans nature is evil when he or she is born, and when the person is growing up they learn wha t is good through their parents, teachers, and mentors.Tzu talks about how Mencius does not fully understand what mans nature is, and I agree with Hsn Tzu. I love Tzus idea of how if a man lacks a quality in himself he will go out and look for that quality in someone else. I agree with how Hsn Tzu defines the difference between good and evil. I was able to relate his theory of man being born with an evil nature by saying how my parents, teachers, and role models taught me what is right from wrong. I also see, in real life, people are always trying to get attributes that they lack themselves from other people around them. I believe that Hsn Tzu is a very intelligent man and I agree with his theories on human nature.

The Paradoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics Essay Example for Free

The Paradoxical Twins big top and izzard Electronics Es verbaliseFrom reading this case study I found that Acme and Omega prevail problems that drive to be looked at. Both firms produce similar products and offer similar services. In this assignment I am going to analyse the forms of control used in Acme and Omega. I leave besides strive and comment on twain firms stiffness. I will furnish to be thorough as possible. I will first begin to give brief holdground information on both companies and and so try to compare them to mavin an otherwise and try to comment on their effectiveness to the rise. To end it I will give my conclusion. From looking into Acme I gained knowledge that its president conjuration Tyler is a truly tough going individual. He is portrayed to be an autocratic individual. I say this because he tends to croak in one way, for example what he says goes.He makes both the decisions and gives out all instructions and orders, expecting them to be o beyed, without question. An employee/ manager categories the president as one man band. He feels that John Tyler should try and give much information rather than giving orders. He as well as does not take suggestions from people. To me it looks as if there is a slight discourse problem. There are times when I wished I had olive-sized more information about what is going on. This returns Acme employees are kept in the dark Mushroom management conceal the troop in the dark and pile on the _ _ _ _(work). The managers also feel that they need a little more freedom at work. This shows that John Tyler may be pressurising them constantly. To back up my point many of the managers voiced the desire to have a little more latitude in their jobs The president also is do to look like a tough person and runs the firm well in basis of high standards and reliable production levels. Managers feel that he runs a tight ship. This shows that he prerequisites everything correct and stone -dead on.This on the other hand shows that Acme has good control and is well structured. Acme is a now and formal structured organisation, this is an advantage as it is easier to spot problems i.e. communication problem, shows how different sections of the firm relate to individually other, it shows who is in charge, who makes and carries the decisions and shows individuals where there positions in the firm is. Having a flat structure makes it quicker to solve problems, less(prenominal) roumous and gossip. Tyler seems like a very surefooted and strong minded person We have been able to model Omega regularly for the most profitable contracts thereby, increasing our profits. John Tylers attitude resembles F.W Taylor (1911) views. He turn overd that these 5 principles change magnitude production 1. A clear division of tasks and responsibilities between management and workers 2. Use of Scientific methods to determine the outgo way of doing a job.Read moreThe Paradoxical Twins ACM E and Omega Electronics3. Scientific survival of the person to do the newly job. 4. The training of the selected worker to perform the job in the way specified. 5. hot co-operation with the workers to ensure that the work was performed in accordance with scientific management principles and this was secured by use of economic incentives. John Tyler carries out methods and procedures the classical way. From reading inside Omega I found that the president Jim Rawls did not believe in organisational graphs/ structures. Organisation charts just put artificial barriers between specialists who should be working together. Although I specify that Omega is a matrix organisation. I feel that not having an organisational structure does not clearly show what position the employee has in the firm, whence causes problems within the work force as workers will work in any department.This means that the individual may feel that s/he does not have full responsibilities. The worker also would not have a clear job description, this may effect the firms effectiveness. To back up my point of workers not having a clear job description a worker verbalise When I first got here I wasnt sure what I was supposed to do. One day I worked with few mechanical engineers the next day I helped the shipping department design some packing material cartons. This overall buns cause low working standards and low morale- low production output. Jim Rawls felt that having an organisational chart would create problems between specialists. I also deduced that Omega had no clear form of communication. I say this because he does not allow written memos, he expressed the plant is small if people want to communicate they can just drop by and talk things over. Employees of Omega complained that this was a waste of time. To me expiry round is time consuming and gives workers excuse of talking to one another, this slows down production and performance. Also messages can be misleading if someone passes the wrong message out.This can also cause problems as workers will not get the correct information. Most decisions at Omega were make by the management team. Acme has an organisation structure therefore communication is good although there are improvements that need to be made like the way John Tyler communicates with his managers. Whereas Omega has no structure therefore is causing problems within the firm. Ames president is a person who wants everything perfect. He believes his firms greater effectiveness to his mangers is to run a tight ship. This I cogitate is because his firm would have * Good control * Good communication * Dept functions * Well structured and organised * Has unanalyzable reporting relationship * Concentration on skills. This shows Acmes president has a firm grip whereas Omegas president does not, he seems to be more laid back.Acmes president is autocratic leader as he does what he wants and does not take other workers/ mangers opinions or suggestions into co nsideration. The advantage of an autocratic style is known as efficient and it is essential in some circumstances. Autocratic leadership produces quicker decisions, however the autocratic style creates frustrations and resentment. Whereas Omegas president is a democratic leader, as he seeks the opinions and suggestions of workers. This shows that he shows interest in his workers. Although he sometimes spends too much of his time informing workers of information. Omegas decisions are made by management team whereas Acmes decisions are made by the president. Acmes president demands rather than speak politely demanded that Mechanical engineering begins building those damn chassis. On the other hand Jim Rawls spends too much of his time listening to suggestion Jim spends too much time and mine making sure everyone understands what were doing and listening to suggestions. From reading the part where both firms are trying to reach the deadline of terminate the units on time and successf ully I can comment on both firms. I speculate Acme did well because of the way they communicated. For example John Tyler sent out a memo to all departments stating the critical time constraints of this job and how he expected that everyone would perform as efficiently as they had in the past. This showed that Tyler was controlling his employees. Although John Tyler put a lot of pressure on his employees.Because Acme had a structure, this allowed them to be well organised, therefore helped and keep everything in control. Whilst trying to complete the units John Tyler and the Head of Industrial Engineering fell into a dilemma. dont bother me with method details now. The Head of Industrial then replies if my boss cerebrate our output is needed, to hell with him. This shows that they both cant work well and communicate with each other. This to me seems like both of these individuals are not working together very professionally. The foreman also didnt listen to the method engineers th erefore this slowed down Acme from completing the units. When the units were completed John Tyler should have ticked more than just one component as this was not very professional. Acmes president needs to consider taking his workers opinions and suggestions. He should try to talk to them rather than demanding on what he wants. From looking at the way Omega was preparing to complete the units for the photocopier Jim Rawls gave good advise compared to Tyler. Jim Rawls did not pressure his workers but told his workers what to prepare for.He outlined what the job involved and discussed what was to be started on. Omegas workers seemed to be very organised and methodical, they worked well and communicated well with each other compared to Acmes workers. For example when they decide to check the blue prints all of the engineers agreed after checking and rechecking the blue prints. To back up that they worked well together as a team people from Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Enginee ring spent Monday night redesigning the cable. This relates to R. Likert 1961. He believed that the structure of an organisation should be formed around effective work groups rather than individuals.He proposed the theory of the overlapping group shareship structure. This involved a linking pin process in which the superior member of one group was subordinate member of group above. Likert argued that the benefits of such an organisations design include improved communication increased co- operation and more team commitment and faster decision making. Overall I pretend Acme got the contract due to many reasons, for example Acme had a structure therefore made it look like Acme has good control. Acme also may have been given the closing contract because of there past, as they achieved grater net profit than Omega Acme was consistently more effective than Omega and regularly achieved greater net profit. Acmes annual sales was also higher than Omegas.Acmes president was also a very c onfident and demanding man therefore it makes the firm look strong Tyler was very confident that had the demand not been so great, its competitor would not have survived. In the end Acme lessen there costs by 20% therefore the photocopier manufacture gave them the rival as it would have been more cheaper to buy units. Omega could have used the same tactics/methods but this may not have been the only thing that could have given them the contract. Things that I could suggest that may have given them the contact would be if they were a larger firm with a clear structure to show that they have some sort of control.

Visiting Miami †The city of Sun and Sea

Visiting Miami The city of Sun and oceanMiami The city of Sun and SeahulloMiami is a large, seacoastal metropolis that is primed(p) on the southeastern summit meeting of Florida. Its subtropical climate, snow-white argonnaceous beaches and the night spirit that never ends make Miami a heaven for tourists and a fundament plate where the rich and famous loosen up. It is overly home to a portion of the Everglades case Parkthat is a study tourist attraction of Florida. To twenty-four hours, Miami is a major business center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, arts and international trade. It has as well been conferred the title of the Statess cleanest city. Miami being a city that started with nothing is often described as the moreover city of the gentlemans gentleman that started as a fantasy. Whether you are into sports, beaches, salsa, obtain or adventure, you can hump this diverse paradise that is full of look any time of the year.Best season to visit MiamiMiami is deuced with sunny days and breezy nights al angiotensin-converting enzyme year around. The peak tourist season is during the winter months from January to April when the die hard is warm in Miami and cold in rest of the United States. Unlike new(prenominal) endues, the crowd in Miami is not off-putting. Instead the continuous string of events and purposeies make the city a magical place. October to December is the raise season with pleasant temperatures. Hotels are available for a relatively lower price and this is a levelheaded time to visit. The summer months from May to September are off-season and this is when the days are scorching hot. Hence, the crowd is littler and hotels cheaper. Irrespective of season, pack your sunglasses, sunscreen, bathing suit, beach towel and you are ready to enjoy Miami.Highlights (Special things to do and generate in Miami)Rejuvenate in the sun kissed beaches of Miami. Whether it is the sulfur beach, Sunny Isl es, Haulover beach or the Crandon beach, you testament capture a beach that will be perfect for you.See and be seen in to the south brink, the spheres trendiest beach.Be a part of the electrifying nightlife of Miami.Relax in the beautiful rouge Biscayne. clump or snorkel in the turquoise blue waters of Emerald Reef and watch the marine life come to life in front of you.Sail in a boat, yacht or catamaran and love the beautiful skyline of Miami from the waters.Take an airboat ride and enter a varied world that is Everglades National Park. astound yourself with the citys iconic skyline and beautiful views of Biscayne Bay from down townsfolk Miami.Take a winning ride to Key West from Miami.Start your day with a delicious Cuban breakfast at Little Havana.Enjoy Brazilian cachaca cocktails with picture perfect views of Biscayne Bay at the Sunset Lounge, Miami brink.Take the motor rhythm on a NASCAR race track and feel the adrenaline at Homestead-Miami Speedway.Indulge in obtai n at the capital of Nebraska road mall, Miami Beach.Par lift out in the Carnaval on the Mile, a lively two day event celebrating Latin music, art and food. Enjoy what feels like an oversized block party in straightforward Miami style.Soak up art of all kinds in the free Art Walks hosted in different areas of Miami. The biggest and closely popular adepts are held in Wynwood Arts District and the Design District.After all the fun in sun, unwind at the yoga classes held on the beach.Hot shoess (Places to visit in Miami)Miami BeachSouth Beach South Beach, popularly nicknamed as SoBe, is a similarity in the city of Miami. This is star beach that attracts people of all varieties. You will see beautiful people everywhere flaunting themselves. The beach often draws celebrities and it is also a popular spot for fashion photo shoots and hip clubs. Sophisticated and hot, South Beach defines coolLincoln Road Lincoln Road is an eight-block long pedestrian walkway packed with shops, restaura nts and cafes. It f tuckerures the 1111 Lincoln Road parking garage, which is architecturally acclaimed for its strange appearance. Key Biscayne IslandKey Biscayne Your Miami holidays are incomplete without visiting the scenic and serene Key Biscayne that comprises of four different and beautiful beaches. This secluded island is a short drive over the Rickenbacker Causeway. Just six miles off the coast of Miami,this island is a peaceful paradise that feels a world away from the bustling urban center. It is the perfect place to unwind, relax and connect with Miamis natural beauty.Crandon Park beach It is the largest and nearly popular beach on Key Biscayne.It is more than just a beach as it offers beach volleyball courts, kayak rentals, eco-adventure tours and other activities. Crandon Tennis center and Crandon Golf Key Biscayne regain here are open to public and home to annual world-class professional events.Bill BaggsCape Florida State Park Located on the southern tip of Key Bis cayne, the park includes Cape Florida Light (lighthouse), the oldest standing structure in Greater Miami. The beach itself is listed as one of the Top 10 beaches in the States.Virginia Key beach The historic Virginia Key Beach is a beautiful and isolated beach just off the Rickenbacker Causeway which is the bridge amongst the mainland and Key Biscayne. Miami Seaquarium is located here.Miami Seaquarium Miami Seaquarium is a marine-life entertainment park featuring eight marine animal shows and presentations. Lolita, the Killer Whale, bottlenose dolphins and Salty, the Sea Lion are some of the animals it is home to. Visitors are allowed to interact with dolphins or walk underwater among tropical fish for additional fees.Everglades National ParkEverglades Alligator Farm The Everglades is the third largest National Park in the Continental U.S and also a UNESCO World Heritage site. Home to more than 2,000 alligators, the Everglades have been a part of Florida history for as long as Flor ida has had a history. A trip to Everglades Alligator Farm includes a thrilling airboat tour of the surrounding river of grass, a walking train around the farm to see alligators, crocodiles and foreign snakes.Shark Valley Shark Valley is part of the Everglades and is a 45-minute drive from Miami. Rent a bike and travel the 15-mile loop that makes up Shark Valley. Get close to the wildlife here that includes alligators, ibis, raccoons, wood storks and spoonbills among others. If you want to playfulness it safe, opt for the two hour tram tour led by trained naturalists. downtown downtown MiamiLocated right in the heart of Miami between the busy Brickell area, the beaches and rest of the mainland, Downtown is the perfect place to start your night. The famous American Airlines Arena that is home to the Miami Heat of NBA and the Adrienne Arsht Center well known for its opera house and Broadway shows are located in the Downtown. Of course for all the club goers, Miami downtown has some o f the hottest and diverse clubs in the world. It is here that you can eat atthe finest restaurants, terpsichore in the hottest clubs, admire the iconic skyline and lose yourself in the beautiful views of Biscayne BayKey west IslandKey West No Miami holidays are complete without a journey to the Island of Key West. It is a day trip from Miami city. The 150-mile drive to the Key West is one of the most scenic and great American road trips. Once you are in the island, visit the Mallory Square take a glass-bottom boat ride visiting the coral reef and snorkel in the blue green crystal clear waters of the Key West. It is the southernmost point in the continental USA between Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. The lovely drive is one the unique experiences you will have in Miami. coconut tree groveVillage westIt is a lovely bayside resolution situated on Biscayne Bay. stagnate around the streets of the village consisting of sidewalk cafes, pretty galleries and interesting boutiques.Vizca ya museum and gardens It is the former villa and estate of businessman James Deeringthat is located on Biscayne Bay in the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami. The architecture of this stunningly beautiful American villa was influenced by Veneto and Tuscan Italian Renaissance models. The vizcaya museum contains more than seventy rooms of distinctive architectural interiors decorated with numerous antiques, with emphasis on European art. The villa, museum and the extensive Italian Renaissance gardens altogether make it a charming place to visit.City of Sunny Isles BeachSunny Isles Beach With two miles of pristine, white blonde beaches facing the luxurious safetys, Sunny Isles Beach is considered Floridas Riviera for good reason. Whether its lounging poolside in a design oceanfront cabana or sinking your toes in the sand, Sunny Isles Beach offers clean, un-crowded and relaxing beaches perfect for a romantic getaway. If you are looking for a quieter, relaxing vacation stay then thi s is the place to be.Watson IslandJungle Island It is an interactive zoological park in Miami. One can see a combination of animal and bird life like lions, panthers, lemurs, orangutans, parrots, flamingos, kangaroos and legion(predicate) more. Interactive sessions are available for extra cost.Shopping in MiamiAventura Mall consists of perish U.S stores like Nordstrom, Bloomingdales, Macys, JCPenney and many more that sum up to more than 300 specialty retailers. Shop and frisson at this mall which also features a variety of restaurants and a movie theater.A mix of upscale and casual shopping defines Miami International Mall, located near the airport and offering the favorite stores of locals.For luxury shopping head to the stylish village of BalHarbour featuring stores like Chanel, Gucci, Ralph Lauren, Dolce Gabana and many more You could also catch one of the many fashion events held at this place.Bayside Marketplace blends shopping with pleasure as national retailers share po sition with culturally distinctive merchandise. And it doesnt stop at shopping as it offers great seafood and Latin restaurants, all overlooking the lovely Biscayne Bay.At Coconut Groves Cocowalk, shop in the sun and dance under the moon This open-air shopping, dining and entertainment destination has the ambiance of a European town square. When the sun sets, Cocowalk heats up with live music, bars and restaurants.Street-smart shopping in Downtown is one of the delights of Miami. It is home to one of the nations largest jewelry districts and hundreds of retailers. Clothes, accessories, electronics, sporting goods, cameras, cosmetics- you name it, they sell itDesigner shopping on the streets of South Beach, whose Lincoln Road, Espanola Way and Ocean Drive stores provide a unique shopping experience, is a mustiness do. In a place that offers souvenirs to gifts, books to jewelry, fashion to art, chocolate to cheese, you are bound to walk away with something special.How to put on Miam iMiami International Airport (MIA), located west of the city is an important hub for traffic between Europe, North America and South America.If you are travelling from one of the U.S cities, then Fort Lauderdale International Airport is a go bad choice. It is about 30 minutes north of Miami, smaller and less trafficked than MIA.Amtraks (train)Silver Service operates trains to Miami from New York, capital letter D.C and other cities.Drive to Miami through its three main highways, I-95, I-75 and U. S. Highway 1.How to get around in Miami contract a car is a comfortable option to travel in Miami. It is advisable to do so from Miami International Airport as the city has only a few car rental companies.Hiring a Taxi too is a good option especially in North Miami Beach.South Beach Local bus service is one of the cheaper ways to get around in the area of South Beach. It runs every 10-15 minutes throughout the day, is air-conditioned, clean and safe.Metromover is a free mass transit train formation in Miami. It serves Downtown Miami, Brickell, Park West and Omni neighborhoods. It s the best way to travel within Downtown Miami.Miami Hop-on Hop-off is another great way to visit the entire city as it covers major attractions like Downtown, Miami Beach, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables and more.Top areas in MiamiSouth Beach South Beach is more than just white sand beaches and art deco buildings. This is a perfect place to stay for anybody who is vacationing in Miami. From world-class boutiques, casual beachside dining to great nightlife, it is a hotspot in every way.Miami International airport It is a fast-growing(prenominal) area with hotels and corporate offices. It is minutes away from several popular tourist attractions in Miami.Downtown Miami Downtown with its iconic skyline, historic shopping arcades, dining options with variety of culinary styles and of course amazing views from everywhere is the most popular place in Miami. This is a place where work meets play.Lit tle HavanaThis Cuban neighborhood gives you the opportunity to enjoy the life of Cuba. It is a good place to stay for budget travelers as many Miami hotels are located here. Wake up and have the amazing Cuban breakfast, dance to salsa music that you commemorate hearing throughout the day from unseen sources, buy in one of the many street shops, eat to your hearts content in Cuban restaurants and learn a little Spanish Thats Little Havana for you.Coconut Grove Coconut grove is a very pretty bayside village within the urban dynamic of Miami. It is the oldest continuously inhabited neighborhood of Miami. It is filled with sidewalk cafes, galleries and boutiques. You can also relax in one of its many parks.Coral Gables Coral Gables located southwest of Downtown Miami is one of the most desirable and old-fashioned neighborhoods in the area.Sunny Isles Beach Have an opulent Miami holiday by staying in one of the finer resorts facing the Sunny Isles Beach. Relax in a spa or on the clean u n-crowded beach with your loved ones.Bal HarbourBalharbour is a village with upscale hotels and condos offering oceanfront views and resort spas in a quiet and relaxing environment. Apart from shopping and fine dining, the village also offers encomiastic fitness classes on the beach for guests of local hotels.Key Biscayne Surrounded by many attractions and a world in itself, Key Biscayne is away from the troubles of the mainland. Stay in one of the many ocean facing resorts located here to make your trip even more memorable.Homestead Located close to Key Biscayne and Everglades National Park and home to the NASCAR race track, this place is fascinating and unique.Thank You

Effect of Cultural Differences in Global Marketplace

Effect of Cultural Differences in Global MarketplaceAbstractThis paper proposes a magical spell over on the threat the overbold entrants in world(a) markets encounter main(prenominal)ly ab away the trouble arising from cross- ethnic differences. This proposal spendigates some of the applicable background work on the topic and sets some of the aims, objectives and search methodological analysis that do for the better understanding of the topic. The main emphasis in this research is focus on the cross- pagan threats most callinges face during their plans to enter into the inter field of sphere markets. The expanding of business operations into external markets is very important in this competitive world. but this expansion into inter national markets is associated with high degree of risk. This research considers deuce countries Europe, Middle eastbound and North America and the mode of internationalisation ar the Export business.BackgroundBusiness who enter bran-new mar kets face many problems and this threats faced by new entrants is faced from many years. This is extensively considered in the literary productions that unlike nuances from this topic john be analysed. If thither is risk connected to the reality that a business enters a new international market, huge levels of uncertainty could be associated when business go into new markets in diverse countries, this due to the existence of cultural aspects may weaken the achievement of the new business.In a situation in which Globalisation plays a most important role in interior(a) economies, the focus of going into new international markets is an additional and more pertinent. A set about from this in some of the industries the national market is not sufficient to cover up every aspect of the production of the business, and consequently, there is a need for such business to enter into new markets, for example, find the financial support for growth and development. Thus, the penetration in international markets in this perspective may not be a election but relatively it is an obligation.Business finiss ar extremely surrounded in a sociological framework where refinement plays an important role. To that degree, the important threat of ledger entry international markets can be differences in the culture that may weaken the progression of ingress the new market of the achievement of the international project.For every business to last of ingress into a new international market requires huge resources, more lots than not there argon resources that require to be assigned to the decision of global entry, and that managers need to execute to the occasion of entry. But large investments into the new ventures in international markets does not in reality give success to the firm, the essential lies only if if the business enters the new markets before its competitors as these cultural aspects of the new markets can hinder movement in the beginning and to underst and the culture, manage peoples preferences and to be successful requires a long- condition process (Mascarenhas 1998). Moreover, the cogitation too demonstrates that new entrants typically require placing smaller amount of capital in the procedure of entering the new market, and consequently this plan can be pursued by business with few resources if they are initial entrants.There are quite a lot of patterns that business can choose when entering in new trade places, and the pattern or the procedure the business adopt during entry may describes the success of the decision. In addition to this the pattern of entry also has an significant impact on the sequel of the new project.This framework identifies three underlying constructs that influence the entry mode decision. These constructs are cogitate to considerations that wipe out been previously discussed in the literature. It is argued that a businesss choice of entry mode depends on the strategic relationship the business envi sages mingled with operations in different countries. A office stafficular entry decision cannot be viewed in isolation. It must be considered in relation to the overall strategic posture of the business. Further, the paper argues that different variables often suggest different entry modes, and that resolving these differences involves accepting trade-offs. Hill et al. (2006 p. 117)Different types of entry refer to the procedure the business decides to enter the market. There are different types of expanding its business globally like Export its peachy to the new markets international also is a form of international business, these Exports may be beam or Indirect, business can even start its global business through Contracts like licensing and franchising and Foreign cipher Investment this includes funding of business in other countries either as a whole or a part of the business (Armstrong and Sweeney 1994).There is also a significant feature that the business require when g oing globally, learning. The importance of organizational learning for a companys survival and effective performance has been emphasized in the literature (Barkema and Vermeulen, 1998 Barlett and Ghoshal, 1987a, 1987b Hitt, Hoskisson and Ireland, 1994 Huber, 1991). According to Zahra et al. (2000) New ventures competing in international markets, for instance, glean from multiple experience lowlys in their different business operations and learn new skills that augment current capabilities. This bandstand serves to emphasize the reality that ulterior the primary experiences in terminals of new ventures in international markets, helps gives the business an opportunity to learn, and with the help of this knowledge which the business gains in the process of learning can help them to be confident and which in turn helps them to reduce the level of risk associated with international business. Yet, a key problem the new entrants face is the exceed of culture among the countries. Wit hin each of the management disciplines there is a Significant literature which assumes that each nation has a distinctive, influential, and describable culture it shapes everything (Hickson and Pugh, 1995 90)A very important aspect of the process of internationalisation is the outer space between certain cultures. This issue is very central to the international Business literature, as it can be conbusinessed by Sousa and Bradley (2006 p. 49)Cultural outdo and psychic surpass are two factors that are widely employ in the international business literature. A large function of studies use some(prenominal) c oncepts interchangeably with no clear distinction between them. The authors propose a new assume to assess cultural hold and psychic length separately. Through the use of survey data of more than 300 managers, this article shows that both concepts are conceptually different and that psychic distance is determined by cultural distance and the soulfulness values of the mana gers.Hofstede is a pi angiotensin converting enzymeer in explaining the cultural distances among the countries with his work cultural consequences in 1984. He worked on the employees of IBM in different countries and identified four cultural dimensions, even though the scope of his research is exceptional as there no IBM offices in some countries, but his work is widely accepted in the theme of national cultural differences among countries . The existence of cultural problems can be to some extent eliminated by adopting a evolutionary process by business during the process of entry into international markets. Hashai and Almor (2004 p. 465) demonstrate this bit-by-bit process of entering the market that can be used as an argument in party favor of the actual difficulties in entering international markets, since three levels of entry are referred.Results show the following internationalization sequence over time (1) trades are employed initially in order to serve customers in psy chically close international markets (2) subsequently, greenfield marketing subsidiaries are established in these markets (3) finally, businesss engage in mergers and acquisitions, compel subsidiaries that incorporate several value-adding activities and penetrate psychically distant international markets.Hofstede (1989), states that the main risk in internationalization is signifying that in spite of the existence of a few cultural gaps, which may not be very troublesome or are even opposite, differences among two cultures in foothold of uncertainty avoidance can turn into a possible foundation of problems for business who are looking for international markets due to the linked gap in acceptance of the level of risk, formalization, and the approximating.This viewpoint is very significant, and it can be linked with the resource- establish viewpoint. In order to spend in global markets, business requires also investing in their breeding and adjustment to the host countries culture . However, as a consequence of the internationalisation process, business are anticipate to baffle awareness regarding global sites, organizational features and other country specific development (Barkema et al., 1996) as there should be more open to communication with fresh cultures.Ultimately, as an instance of threats of entry into international markets, there are five factors which are identified with the merchandise of goods among the countries.From the analysis of the prior experiential literature, five common export threats have been identified. The prior among them are the non-exporting business tends to recognize obstacles in a different way from export trade. They put additional importance on factors inhibiting the commencement of export actions, while exporting trade stress operational, practical and market associated troubles. Next, the character, as well as the level complexity of export impediments varies not only among export stages, but also between businesses a t the equal stage of export growth process. Next, the after-school(prenominal) environmental aspects widespread in every nation mainly control perceived export problems. Next, industry-specific aspects are often accountable for variations in the supposed level of export threats across industry. Lastly, the level of the industry oft determines the characteristics and pressure on export threats, with minor business feeling their inhibiting impact more powerfully. Smith et al. (2006 p. 54-55)AimsThe main aim of this piece of research is to find out the processes which national business adapt while entering into new international markets and to calculate the degree of which cross-cultural characteristics of the host country can contribute to the decision making. Therefore, in this research it will be required to find a linkup between the cultural distance of the two countries and the power of their global business. In other expression, one can aim to study whether are the firms more expected to invest in nations that are culturally closer?As a end, the intention of this research is to estimate the degree to which the cultural distance plays an significant part on the choice of participating in the economy of a certain country. To that extent, this research is evaluating, finally, if the cultural closeness of certain countries is a feature of magnetism by business for a venture. In order to find out the part of cultural closeness, one will calculate the cultural threats business encounter in going into global markets. The centre of this research is businesses who are the first time entrants into the new international markets. For that motive the problem of cultural distance is understood so closely. This is also based that business going into new markets with a itty-bitty experience in global ventures are less affected by the risk when entering into a new global market. The basic theory in this research is that cultural distance plays a significant role for th e first time entrants when compared to other business.In order to believe in this objective, a viewpoint on the resources that are necessary to enter a global venture will be the base for the explanations sought after. The main hypothesis is that, venturing into new markets where there is a high degree of cultural distance embodies high degree of risk and, consequently, huge investments is required to understand and bridge a gap between these cultural distance among countries.Research MethodsDataAs the main focus of the research is to find out the relation between the cultural differences among nations and course of internationalisation of the company, different sources of statistics and information will be used. In order to know the relation we need to under the cultural differences among the countries, as this will enable the research with better understand of the concept. To get this information, Hofstede (1984) work is used to get the information on cultural distance. The model developed by Hofstede (2001) provides a set of variables that permit the relationship of cultures with respect to various business approaches. The study of cultural consequences of Hofstede is performed using data gather from IBM workforce in different countries around the world. In spite of being a good method for understanding the cultural distance among countries, the model itself has some draw backs, as the staff of IBM are not only influenced by the national cultural but also are influenced by the organizational culture and hence this study may not reveal the clear information on the national culture, as the employees are also inclined by IBM policies and procedures. But but the framework depicts the cultural difference among the countries in five dimensionsThey areThe first among them is the power distance this depicts the distance between individual of different ranks.The next is Individualism this reflects the extent to which an individual relies on a convocation or coll ective approach to issues, or the extent to which the individuals reduces individuals initiative to solve problems.Uncertainty avoidance, which reflects on peoples attitudes on ambiguity in a society or country.The third is Masculinity, the gender differences, in more masculinity, results in assertiveness, competitiveness and need to achieve results low masculinity suggests co-operation and more caring approaches.Lastly, the fifth dimension which is the result of the work of Hofstede, with the Chinese cultural connection group (1987) which resulted in another dimension called the Long term orientation, more Asian culture prefer long term bond and oppose short term contracts.The subsequent resource of information is associated with the exports. Information will be collected from the World Trade organisation (2008) and contain data about the selected countries for the research, North America,Middle East and Europe.Ultimately, the information required is different sources of informat ion about the flows of foreign direct investment among each pair of groups of countries. The data for this dataset will be gathered for each pair of countries in isolation and thus different sources will be used.To understand the propinquity of the relationship among the pair of countries can be understood from the information gathered about the cultural distance with the help of Hofstede framework. This understanding of the closeness of the culture will help to answer the question whether business are only ready to trade with those countries which are narrow in terms of cultural distance.The methods used for analysing areIn order to assess the level to which the aspect of cultural distance plays a significant part on the business decision on the new ventures with certain nation, can be analyzed with the help of analysis of the pair of countries from the selected parts of the world. This examination will integrate assess of the comparative distance of the two countries, and an evalu ation of the relative influence of the exports and of Foreign Direct Investment in the total exports and Foreign Direct Investment of each country. The information will provide a chance to spotlight on the connection between the cultural distance and the actual international link of business in the two groups of countries, with quantitative techniques. This examination will be complimented with relative details of the culture of the both the countries.5. Expected OutcomeIt is expected that countries with similarities in terms of culture verify high levels of international trade, not only in terms of exports, but also in what regards to international trade. The theory on the resources applied in the participation of a new joint venture can also provide a contribution in this respect. Countries with higher similarities may embody a lower risk of investment and therefore, businesss will be seeking to invest firstly in countries in which they know what to expect. However, it is also c ertain that after having invested in a number of countries to which cultural similarities are found, a business may be seeking to expand to other countries, culturally more distant. This may be due to two reasons the first one is related to the need of expansion, and once all countries to which cultural proximity is found already have the presence of the business the second one is related to the international experience and the confidence of investment the business has gained in the countries it has invested previously, and is now ready to take a step further and to operate at a higher risk.

English Language Essays Learning Styles

English Langu hop on Essays information StylesFree Essays English wording EssaysAn examination of learnedness styles and typologies in a speech classroom.plan, teach / act, observe and reflect Sue Davidoff and Owen van den Berg, 1990The ObservationMyobservation was chthoniantaken at the British Council in Kuwait/Gulf Region. The observation class was of mixed nationality Arabic linguistic process speakers at Intermediate level. on that point were twenty students in total,80% males to 20% females. The class comprises of 30% students, 60% working orprofessional people 10% homemakers others. The age range isbetween 20 to 55 years. The class is halfway through a 6 months languagecourse. I ascertained and was involved in a 90 minute lesson focusing onvocabulary, reading and speaking. At the end the teacher answered my prep atomic number 18dquestionnaire.The followingessay consists of a brief theoretical, analytical and practical examination of learningstyles and typologies in a language classroom and how beat to plan for them. Itincludes an analysis of specific elements from the observed lesson put in thecontext of theory and intended future practise.To confine thelesson, the teacher used the white board, an overhead projector with onetransparency and three hand forths. Whole class work focused on provision ofvocabulary and contextualisation of the material. The material was real andrelevant to contemporary resides and cultures. The teacher used discussionstarters to motivate and encourage student interest and involvement (asAllwright and Bailey advise, 1991) Responses were elicited from the class andsupported through teacher good example of pronunciation and writing on the whiteboard. man-to-man work was limited. The teacher had established small groups(three to four students) aimed at balancing ethnic background and gender. interrogation shows theimportance of instinct and catering for different learning styles andcognitive strategies. When a learn ing style is not catered for, the studentcan easily perform bored and inattentive, do poorly on tests, getdiscouraged about the course, and may conclude that they are not best at thesubjects (Zhenhui, 2001). Various parameters have been constructed fordefining students preferred way of learning, such(prenominal) as Knowles (1982) concrete,analytical, communicative and authority-orientated learning styles (cited inRichards, 1994). another(prenominal) defines the groups as auditory, visual andkinaesthetic learning styles (Krause et al, 2003, pp154-155) whilstfigure 1 gives a representation of student and teacher inter-reactionsdependent on learning styles. Some researchers such as Richards (1994, pp.59-77)consider an individuals culture as vital to mind learning styles. Ladson-Billings(1995) advocates a system of Culturally Responsive learn which integratescultural points of reference through out the learning process. Others disagree(Kubes, 1998, cited in Krause) and cite more universal forms of learning.This class wasboth interested and engaged in its learning. However, during the interview,the teacher expressed a wish that at that place was more time for individual tailoring.The teacher acknowledged that this would better cater for the range oflearning styles. More concrete resources (actual materials eg fruit, etc) and subjoind use of visual aids (magazines, more transparencies, laminatedpictures) may also help to convey understanding and increase retention.Two tests wereused during the class one was a linking exercise and one a reading exercise.The teacher destroyed the lesson with each student expressing an opinion on anarticle using the lessons language. Whilst these were not formal tests, theyinvolved assessment strategies. As Nunan points out (1990, p62) assessment institutes part of the information for student evaluation. As this infers, thetools for student assessment, be they observational, formative or summative, remove to agreement with a n understanding of the bigger picture. For example, thegoal may be to allow students to understand, practise and pause their own languageand learning strategies (see Hismanoglus exploration of Language LearningStrategies, 2000) be they direct or indirect strategies (Oxford, 1990, p9).Most students require clear and precise scaffolding (Vygotsky, in Krause, 2003,pp60-65) to break off their metacognitive practises for making meaning. Assessmentcan act as a benchmark to the success of the learning process and show theteacher areas that need to be covered again or in a different way.There is no spacehere to do full justice to the impact of the learning environs upon studentsyet it needs inclusion for a balanced understanding of students learningstyles. Suffice it to say that, as Nunan and Lamb say (1996), the teacherneeds to aim for a safe, positive and progressive environment that encouragesstudent participation, thinking and risk-taking. Much as assessment is an endresult of refl ection upon what one wants to define, the learning environmentshould be based upon a thorough understanding of theoretical aspects. Forexample, traditional teaching methods tended towards a unitary approach tointelligence. Contemporary theories, such as Gardners work on multipleintelligences (cited in Krause et al, 2003) allow for the inclusion ofvariable factors that define a students strengths and weaknesses. Many agreewith Wilsons (1998) assurance that Gardners MI theory helps teachers createmorepersonalized and diversified instructional experiences and develops empoweredlearners (http//www.newhorizons.org/strategies/mi/wilson1.htm)This holisticapproach agrees with an understanding of other influences upon learning, Maslowshierarchy of needs for example (see insert 2), or Bronfenbrenners (1979)ecological systems theory. These ecological factors encourage moreintegrated forms of assessment and are particularly useful in understandingvarious forms of washback (see Cushing Weigle, 2002) that may result. Othermore organize tests such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indications Survey, (Myers McCaulley, 1985) may also have their place.The teacher usedgender and ethnic background to balance the groups. The groups worked welltogether in a pro-social manner. However, Woods encourages consciousexamination of an educators own attitudes, particularly when the may cause subconsciousactions and opinions to form (Woods, 1996). Should the two parameters ofgender and ethnicity do constraints, accordingly they are not valid means of groupconstruction. Sometimes is appeared that not all group members contribute intheir cooperative learning. However, research has shown that even those who donot appear to be so communicative do benefit to a degree from the listening andprocessing that this format provides. It may be that they are better atworking individually and as such should have the opportunity to do so.The teacher usedelements of the 3 Ps approach presentation, practise, production. However,as the lesson transcript shows, the language was grow in what became moreof a Harmer-style engage study activate method.I would like tolist the implications for my own teaching under the following pointsUse a wide range of teaching strategies and styles to ensure comprehension eg support communicate material with writing on the white board, leave the transparency up on the overhead projector, puzzle out in concrete materials, provide visual clues, model your required responses, set short, realistic goals and review and cycle often. (Antonaros, 2005 ), role play, use song.Use methods according to the area you wish to cover, the materials you have prepared and present briefly and precisely. If the area is suited best to direct instruction then use it, if student-centred instruction or co-operative groups then vary accordingly. Motivation and interest are paramount, but sound understanding is the goal.Prepare your materials so that they are interesting, real, relevant, encourage thinking whilst supporting language development.Take an action research approach to (for example Wrights, 1987, 2005) to develop a thorough understanding of my students learning and cognitive styles and my own attitudes.Use active listening to understand, modelling to improve and discussion to encourage communicationUse teacher modelling strategies to develop the students autonomous language learning skills as exemplified by Lowes and Target (1998) in Helping Students to Learn.Providing a positive learning environment where mistakes are not deridedAssign homework that re-caps and therefore re-enforces the issues covered in the lesson.Ensure equity in communication make sure everyone has a chance to speak.Everyteacher who has taught a group of grown-ups knows that some individuals may bereluctant to speak, especially when they realize or assume that other studentsare more fluent. (Turula,2002)ReferencesAllwright, D. Bailey, K. (1991). Focus on the LanguageClass room. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press.Antonaros, S. (no date) Looking Inside and come in for the Answer toMotivating Our Learners http//www.tesolgreece.com/nl/75/7505.html)Accessed 7th February 2006Davidoff, S., Van Den Berg, O. (1990) Changing YourTeaching. The challenge of the classroom. Pietermaritzburg CentaurPublicationsGardner, H. (1983) Frames of Mind. New York Basic Books,Harmer, J (1998) How to Teach English. Harlow, UK LongmanHismanoglu, M. (2000) Language Learning Strategies in ForeignLanguage Learning and Teaching, The Internet TESL diary, Vol. VI, No.8, August 2000Knowles, L (1982) Teaching and Reading. London, UK NationalCouncil on Industrial Language Training.Krause, K., Bochner, S., Duchesne, S. (2003) EducationalPsychology for learning and teaching. Southbank, Victoria Thomson.Kubes, M (1998) Adaptors and innovators in Slovakia Cognitive styleand social culture. European Journal of Personality, 12(3), pp.187-198Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). But thats just good teaching The casefor culturally relevant pedagogy. scheme into Practice, 34(3), 159-165.Lowes, R. Target, F. (1998). Helping Students to Learn.London Richmond.Malamah-Thomas, A. (987). Classroom Interaction. Oxford, UKOxford University Press.Nunan, D., Lamb, C. (1996). TheSelf-Directed Teacher. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press.Oxford, R. (1990). Language Learning Strategies What EveryTeacher Should Know. New York, USA Newbury House Publishers.Richards, J.C., Lockhart, C.L. (1994). Reflective Teachingin Second Language Classrooms. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press.Richards, J.C. Nunan, D. (eds.). Second Language TeacherEducation. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press.Turula, A (2002) Language Anxiety and Classroom Dynamics A Study ofAdult Learners. Forum English Teaching Online, US Dept of State, Vol.40 (2). http//exchanges.state.gov/forum/vols/vol40/no2/p28.htmtopWilson, L (1998). Whats the big attraction? Why teachers aredrawn to using Multiple Intelli gence Theory in their classrooms? http//www.newhorizons.org/strategies/mi/wilson1.htmAccessed 7 February 2006Woods, D. (1996) Teacher Cognition inLanguage Education. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University PressWright, T. (1987). Classroom Management inLanguage Education. Hampshire, UK Palgrave MacmillanWright, T. (1987). Roles of Teachers andLearners. Oxford, UK Oxford University Press.Zhenhui, R. (2001) Matching Teaching Styles with Learning Stylesin East Asian Contexts, The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. VII, No. 7,July 2001Matching teaching styles http//iteslj.org/Techniques/Zhenhui-TeachingStyles.htmlaccessed 3 February 2006.Language Learning Strategies http//iteslj.org/Articles/Hismanoglu-Strategies.htmlaccessed 3 February 2006Maslows Heirarchy of Needs, Huitt, 2004, http//chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/regsys/maslow.html.Accessed 7 February 2006Language Teaching http//www.ittmfl.org.uk/modules/effective/6a/paper6a4.pdfaccessed 5 February 2006

The Effect of Colours: Emotion and Symbolism of Colour

The Effect of vividness Emotion and Symbolism of warpiseColour theory has been dated hold to the 15th Century with the writings of Leone Battista Alberti and Leonardo da Vinci. From these early beginnings, annotate theory has developed to c everywhere moving-picture show, optics, psychology and galore(postnominal) other disciplines, including fill making.Colour and EmotionThere has been research into likeness, emotion and how they interlock for at least the last 50 years. A lot of this research comes under(a) psychology. This is still useful to many other disciplines including germinate makers so they whoremaster try to control the emotion of the viewer using colour.T the become of Lois B. Wexner (1954) explores how mood-tone and act upon ar associated with each other. Her research take the stands that certain colours do have knock-down(prenominal) associations with mood-tones, such as red with excitement, blue with tender-soothing and sensationalistic with cheerfu l-jovial-joyful among others.The Ameri open fire psychologist Frank H. Mahnke (1996) has also conducted experiments into colour and emotion associations, in his dominateings he found some very smashed associations, especially with red/love, smuggled/hate, blue/peace blue-violet/noble. In Table 1 tabulated from his experiments, it shows the rate of colours chosen by participants with the term and the percentage match they gave. Mankhe also sort certain colours together where there was strong overlap , for example, blue, blue- spirt, chiliad with the term peace/tranquillity.TermColours ChosenPercentage dearest b voluptuousful, Red-Violet81%HatredBlack, Red89.6%Peace/TranquillityBlue, Blue- thou, Green93.6% grieve/SorrowBlack,Grey86%Happy discolour, orangish63%JovialOrange, yellowed50% mannerGreen73%LuminousYellow65%NobleBlue, Blue-Violet, Violet81%Table Colour Emotion Associations (Mahnke 1996)Wei, Dimitrova Chang (2004) open their association of corresponding colours to mood-tones (emotions), which is summarized in table 2.ColoursAssociated mode Tones (Emotion Terms)BlackHatred, Mourning, Sorrow, IndefiniteWhiteMourning, Grief, DepressionRedLove, Hatred, Life, NobleOrangeJovial, HappyGreenTranquillity, Peace, LifeBluePeace, Tranquillity, Noble colorLove, Noble, exactingTable Wei, Dimitrova Chang (2004)Use of Colours in FilmThe use of colour by depiction makers is deliberate and planned (Bellantoni 2005). To ensure that a remove will have the colour which will bring a retort from the audience they endure either do test screenings, such as what cinematographer Rodger Deakins vitalitys in Shawshank Redemption. He tested different colours and paints to find the look required for each scene.While the use of colour can be analysed as it can have a strong see on mood and emotions many times cinematographers will work by instinct and what it just looks right (Bellantoni 2005).It is possible to distil each image into its own colour palette. Artis t Alan Woo shows quite distinctly how a film can have a distinctive colour palette. In his project Pie (Woo 2008) he surgical procedureed each frame of a film into a colour and produced a pie chart for that film.Film makers have employ colours nearly the whole spectrum of colours to their advantage in storytelling.RedRed is associated with danger, risk taking, action, love, hate. Director Alfred Hitchcock utilize these associated in the film Marnie, where he added red frames to attempt to excite the audience (Hullfish Fowler 2003).Director Sergei Eisenstien use of discriminating red in The Battleship Potemkin where a blow over painted Soviet flag is hoisted up the ships mast. As well as the glorifying the Communist regime, fit to Misek (2019) the redness overwhelms its intended meaning, the viewer notices the colour red and its power over the Soviet connotations.Reds can also convey action. In the film go Lola Run, director Franka Potente uses the telephone exchange charact ers red hair, a red ambulance, red bug out (Martell 2002) and saturated red light to keep the audience in a high octane state (Bellantoni 2005).OrangeAccording to Bellantoni (2005), oranges on the other hand do not support a strong emotional repartee to the audience, they are often provoke a warm, romantic, welcoming and also a sense of nostalgia. This is strongly convey in the Coen cronys film O Brother Where Art Thou? where the whole film was digitally coloured in a orange/brown sepia to give the viewer a sense of the Mississippi during the Great Depression, a look of faded post political machineds (Fisher 2000). adept place where orange does give the audience an unsettling appearance is when its in the air. For example, the orange sky in Blade Runner shows the polluted atmosphere. Production former Larry Pauli mentions to Bellantoni (2005 p.142), that the orange sky is acid but conversely softer and romantic depending on the outside or inside of the shot.GreenThe colour lea fy vegetable can have two contrasting emotive responses in the viewer, depending on how it is used. Green is the colour of nature, health and vitality but also the colour of poison, unwellness and evil.Bellantoni (2005) writes that green is used by cinematographer John Seale creation of the lush vista in Witness. The green wheat fields where the Amish work. They connect the hobnailed Amish to the agricultural work they live to do. These scenes are also where the protagonist is meliorate and in a stage of renewal, which the greens convey to the viewer.The colour green is used in The Matrix to show the virtual reality that central character Neo is trapped in. Directors the Wachokwski brothers took this green from was a whole report inspired by the phosphorous green of old PCs (Davies n.d.). The use of the green in the simulated world contrasts with the harsher blue-white palette of reality, despite being a film all intimately the digital these greens were achieved optically throu gh use of green lighting mise-en-scne (Misek 2010).BlueBlue has strong associations with peace and tranquility. However in film it is more used to show coolness, withdrawal method acting and passiveness. Dorothys dress in the sentiency of Oz is blue and white gingham cover her powerlessness in the film. It is not until she gains the radiant red ruby slippers doe she gain any power (Bellantoni 2005).Bellantoni (2005) writes that blue is used to show the detachment and coldness of the prison in Shawshank Redemption. The prison uniforms and walls are all bathed in a soft blue/grey light which also foreground the passiveness of the inmates. However, blue also represents anticipate and freedom, Ellis Boyd Red Redding (Morgan Freeman) says I hope the Pacific is as blue as it has been in my dreams talking about his dreams of freedom and when the audience does get to see the ocean it is a such(prenominal) richer blue than the pale washed out version in the prison.PurplePurple has a long history of being a regal colour. This can be seen in Gladiator, where character Marcus Aurelius wears a purple hood, symbolising his regal power. Purple can also represent death or change. In Chicago, the strong use of purple light alludes to the death and delusion, saving a seriousness to the musical song and dance (Bellantoni 2005). The dark purples are also heavy, representing the closeness of the criminal underworld.Death is also represented by purple in the film Apocalypse Now where a bright purple smoke flare is released and men start to die. Gaspar Nos Enter The Void, a film about death, the afterlife and crime uses strong use of neon-purple contrasting with the dark Tokyo night where the film is set.YellowYellow can represent happiness, jovialness, wealth and warning. The use of yellow of Johns car as well as the yellow-neon lights in American Graffiti shows his callowness and playfulness.Gold, a shade of yellow is closely associated with wealth. Koszarski (1999) wr ites that in Erich von Stroheim silent film Greed, Von Strohiem used Handschiegl colour on certain film prints to colour yellow all the gold items in an otherwise black and white film. This gave it a recurrent symbolism of the main characters greed.GreyscaleEven with the advent of colour film, many film makers still choose to use the absence of colour in their works. The start-off film to go through the digital intermediate process of colour grading was Pleasantville, a film which uses the absence and presence of colour in its story. As the film progresses from the black and white beginning, the introduction of selective colourisation is used as a disruptive force on the traditionalistic suburban black and white town.While other films have used the contrast of full colour and black and white scenes they are commonly separate, giving the viewer an understanding of the differences mingled with two places. For example the Wizard of Oz has a black and white Kansas, while the land of Oz is a vivid colour.Schindlers List is another example of selective colour used, in an otherwise black and white film a red coat of a young girl is used to individualise the cold, mechanical horrors of the holocaust.Greyscale can give a sense of seriousness and realism. Masik (2010) writes that Spike Lees Shes Gotta Have It was made in black-and-white for aesthetic and budget reasons and also because the Director of Photography desire the film black and white film Raging Bull which he interpreted as summoning the photojournalism s in 1950s Life magazine.Use of colour however is not always to the audiences and critics taste. Filmmaker Todd matai (2010) blogs about the Color Grading Virus that is Teal Orange He cites Hollywood productions of Transformers 2 and Iron Man 2 where the colour grading has been overdone to attempt to bring attention to the skin tones(usually orange range of colours) of the actors away from the background.Journalist Phil Hoad (2010) spoke to Hollywood colourist Stefan Sonnenfeld, who says Traditional vs. DigitalColour grading has a long history. From the early days of hand painting individual frames to the photochemical processes still used by modern filmmakers. The bleach-bypass method was introduced by Technicolor (Shaw 2010). Shaw (2010) explains that this is when film is processed in lab to alter the colour balance. This process is also expensive and not reversible.This process has been used in many films, such as Dick Tracey, Saving Private Ryan (American auberge of Cinematographers, 1998). Director Steven Spielberg and Director of Photography Janusz Kaminiski also used this technique in Munich. Kaminski mentions to Goldman (2005 p.14) a sense of tenseness, a sense of rawness. Kamainiski works with traditional testing ground methods as that is what he has done in the past and feels that the use of digital technology allows the colourist to constantly change their grading and get lost as they have no standard.Process used b y Digital Colourists firsthand Colour GradingWhen grading video, the first task is to set up the overall image. Tasks included including fixing white balance, removing colour casts, matching tones between shots and contrast levels.The first task many colourists will tackle first is setting the black level of the image.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

sixfold induration (MS) Causes, Symptoms and Treatments triune induration1. Introductionclinical neurology deals with complex and rargon disorders. One of the most uncouth neurodegenerative disorders is ternary induration.1 Multiple induration is a disorder of central nervous system. It is characterized by demyelination, mononucleate stall inflammation and axonal injury. Axonal injury is r bely observe.2 MS sclerosis is gener anyy categorized under autoimmune disorders. Its causes argon unknown.3 genic as well as environmental factors play an primary(prenominal) mathematical function in victimisation of MS.1 Elvin Cabalt was the first person to recognize the immune arbitrate infflamatory response in central nervous system of MS patients. He as well constitute that oligoclonal immunoglobulins atomic number 18 present in cerebrospinal anaesthesia eloquent of MS patients.3MS affects young adults much than any other age group.4 It affects females more than males. 2.5 mil lion individuals be affected with MS amongst which 70% are females.MS affects. The carnal knowledge incidence of occurrence of MS in individuals varies amongst different regions. It affects northern European people more than the Asian and Afri target population.5 There is no much painful and specific diagnostic test or system for diagnosing of nine-fold sclerosis.62. pathological process in MS Inflammation gliosis Oligodendrocyte axonal toxicity axonal and neuronal Toxicity and axonal loss loss Remyelination most-valuable adaptation and plasticityRef 1.3. Classification Multiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosis dejection be classified as symptomic multiple sclerosis and asymptomic multiple sclerosis. Symptoms are not seen in lawsuit of asymptomic MS whereas symptoms are seen in case of symptomic Sclerosis.2 symptomic multiple sclerosis can be get along classified as1. Relapsing MS Relapses are the most important features for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Relapses whitethor n produce complete i.e permanent or temporary loss of function.82. Primary innovative MS Primary progressive multiple sclerosis occurs most probably after the age of35. It involves spinal cord atrophy and bother in walking. MRI of brain shows slight damage as compared to collateral progressive MS.9 Primary progressive MS can be differentiated from relapsing-remitting MS by Magnetic plangency spectroscopic imaging(MRSI)103. Secondary progressive MS petty(a) progressive MS is more severe than primary progressive MS. Cerebrospinal fluid of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis shows increased level oligoclonal immunoglobulins(most probably IgG)9.Patients with secondary progressive MS to a fault have increased level of uric acid in their body.114. progressive relapsing MS5. Transitional MS.7The relative proportion of all the types of MS was studied in American population. The observations are as followsType % individuals sufferingRRMS 55%SSMS 31%PPMS 9%PRMS 5%4. Causes of multiple sclerosisThe exact cause of the disease i.e multiple sclerosis is still unknown.3 It is generally thought that multiple sclerosis is initiated by an autoimmune response against myelin sheath and mononuclear cells of nervous system.2Both genetic as well as environmental factors are baffling in the organic evolution of multiple sclerosis.1Genetic factorsThe involvement of genetic factors in development of MS is confirmed by the fact that 10-12% of the people suffering from MS also have their family members suffering from this disorder. The incidence of occurrence of MS in case of monozygotic tally(28%) also confirms the involvement of genetic factors in development of MS.7 so far there are many cases where only one of the monozygotic twins is suffering from MS, this supports the involvement of environmental factors in development of MS.2multiple sclerosis do not show Mendelian pattern of inheritance. This is may be because fall of genes involved in the develop ment of MS are more than multiple.12 The important genetic susceptibility locus involved in development of MS resides in the HLA-DRB gene. movement of this haplotype increases the risk of development of MS 2-4 times more than the normal individuals2.Environmental factorsThere are many environmental factors involved in the development of MS.Deficiency of vitamin D Low levels of vitamin D are thought to be involved in the development of MS.13the do of vitamin D present in individuals system will depend on the amount of sunlight reaching that area. So we can say that latitude also plays an important role in development of MS.12Smoking Cigarette heater increases the risk of development of MS2. It has proven by the survey in Union America that more than 50% of patients suffering from MS are smokers.12 mental process It has been observed that, individuals history of surgery may increase the risk of development of MS as compared to other individuals.14There is significant association among tonsillectomy , appendectomy and development of MS1,14Obesity obesity during during young adulthood may be associated in the development of MS2Infection with certain(a) viruses and bacteria infection with certain viruses have been proven to increase the risk of development of MS1,4,15These viruses hold Epstein Barr Virus,Herpes,Hepititis B virus and Chlamydia pneumonia2,14Latitude effect It has been observed that as we go away from the latitude the percentage of individuals suffering with MS increases.55. Symptoms of multiple sclerosisEarly symptomsBlurred visionWeakness in the progress or legTingingLoss of balanceThinking problems1,4,16Common symptoms consternation and ataxia This has been observed in 75% of the patients suffering from MS. It is caused due to the devolution of myelin sheath.17Bladder problems people suffering through multiple sclerosis many times face bladder problems much(prenominal) as tell on urination, involuntary sphincter muscles.16Dizziness1,3S exual trouble Patients may have difficulty in having sexual intercourse.1Fatigue1,3,4,16Unusual sensation patients may feel singular sensations like itching, tearing , burning etc16Speech problems people suffering through MS may sometimes develop speech problems.Swallowing problems People with sophisticated stage of MS develop swallowing problems.It is important to know that the clinical symptoms of cardinal different individuals suffering through MS differ from each other.6. diagnosing of Multiple sclerosisThe clinical symptoms of MS match with other common neurological disorders therefore it is difficult to diagnose MS at its advance(prenominal) stage.3migraine may sometimes coexist with MS in case of females6therefore peeled techniques are required for incorrect diagnosis MS .6 some of the diagnosis rules are as fpllowsMagnetic Resonance Imaging This is the most normally used method for diagnosis of MS3.MRI can detect social movement of symptomatic lesions of MS present in periventricular,infratentorial and juxtracortical region of the brain.17one of the limitations of MRI is that it cannot diagnose MS lesions in the early stage.1 If a period of 3 months has elapse between the first MRI scan and the second MRI scan because the presence of progressive lesions is sufficient to dignose MS.3 IT should be noted by all the physicians and radiologist that the diagnostic imaging crieteria is most effective when combined with assess MRI protocols published by International Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis centres .17Presence of oligoclonal immunoglobulins presence of oligoclonal IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid indicates the presence of MS lesions.4 The presence of oligoclonal immunoglobulins is detected by electrophoresis. the bands obtained after electrophoresis can be isolated for further analysis.1Alkaline phosphatase method and peroxidase method for detecting presence of oligoclinal antibodies It has been found that the alkaline phosphatase method is mo re sensitive than the peroxidase method for detecting the presence of oligoclonal bands.18Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting the is the advanced method of diagnosis of MS. The cerebrospinal fluid of suspected individuals is checked by FACS. These samples are checked for the presence of cell surface markers such as CD4, CD25, CD20, CD40, CD25,CCR6 and CD45. It has been observed that B-cells/monocytes (CD20/CD14) ratio differs between MS patients and patients suffering through common inflammatory disease.Biomarkers used for diagnosisDifferential microRNA expression microRNAs are differentially expressed in MS patients. microRNA145 is the potential diagnostic biomarker. 18Myelin fertilization Protein (MBP) MBP is basically found in myelin sheath of a neuron. Presence of MBP in the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid indicates the presence of neurodegenerative disorder such as MS2Neurospecific enolase increased level of this enzyme in cerebrospinal fluid may indicate presence of MS. This enzyme is found in the cytosol of the neurons.1Inflammatory markersGlial Fibrillary acrid Protein This protein is the major component of intermediate filaments of glial cells.19 It increases when glial cells are associated with astrocytes. This can be used as potential biomarker for diagnosis of MS9Biomarkers for remyelination and repair These biomarkers are not been systematically evaluated. Potential candidates for this type of biomarkers include Neuronal cell adhesion factors(NCAF)20Marker for astrocyte activation and gliosis S-100 is a calcium binding protein found in astrocytes and Schwann cells. Its presence in CSF indicates the presence of neurodegenerative disorder.197. Treatment of MS1. put on of anti-CD20 antibodies Rituximab is used to treat mostly the patients suffering from primary and relapsing remmiting MS.20